ABSTRACT
Low sphincter pressure and inability of the crural diaphragm to elevate it at the esophagogastric junction are important pathophysiological mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The object of this study was to depict how Nissen fundoplication changed the resting and inspiratory pressures of the anti-reflux barrier. We selected 14 patients (eight males; mean age 42.7 years; mean body mass index 27.8) for surgery. They answered symptoms questionnaires and underwent high-resolution manometry (HRM) before and 6 months after Nissen fundoplication. We used a standard manometric protocol (resting and liquid swallows) and assessment of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) pressure metrics during standardized forced inspiratory maneuvers against increasing loads (Threshold Maneuvers). We used the Wilcoxon test for comparison of pre and postoperative data. After fundoplication, heartburn and regurgitation scores diminished remarkably (from 4.5 and 2, respectively, to zero; P = 0.002 and P = 0.0005, respective medians). Also, the median expiratory EGJ pressure had a significant increase from 8.1 to 18.1 mmHg (P = 0.002), while mean respiratory pressure and EGJ contractility integral (EGJ-CI) increased without statistical significance (P = 0.064 and P = 0.06, respectively). Axial EGJ displacement was lower after fundoplication. The EGJ relaxation pressure (P = 0.001), the mean distal esophageal intrabolus pressure (P = 0.01) and the distal latency (P = 0.017) increased after fundoplication. There was a reduction in the contraction front velocity (P = 0.043). During evaluation with standardized inspiratory maneuvers, the inspiratory EGJ pressures (under loads of 12, 24, 36 and 48 cmH2O) were lower after surgery for all loads (median for load 12 cmH2O: 145.6 vs. 102.7 mmHg; P = 0.004). Fundoplication and hiatal closure increased the expiratory EGJ pressure and promoted a great GERD symptom relief. The surgery seemed to overcompensate a reduced EGJ mobility and inspiratory pressure.
Subject(s)
Fundoplication , Gastroesophageal Reflux , Male , Humans , Adult , Esophagogastric Junction/surgery , Gastroesophageal Reflux/surgery , Manometry/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Through rhythmic variations, the diaphragm influence lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure acting as an external sphincter. LES pressure recording is characterized by increased pressure in inspiration due to contraction of the diaphragmatic crura that involves the sphincter. AIM: To describe a method of measuring LES pressure during standardized inspiratory maneuvers with increasing loads. METHODS: The study population comprised of eight healthy female volunteers (average age of 31.5 years). An esophageal high-resolution manometry and impedance system was used for measuring the LES pressure during 3-second inspiratory efforts under 12, 24 and 48 cm H2O loads (Threshold maneuvers). RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the average maximum LES pressure and the average maximum basal LES pressure during the first (76.19±17.92 difference, p=0.0008), second (86.92±19.01 difference, p=0.0004), and third seconds of the maneuver (90.86±17.93 difference, p=0.0002), with 12, 24 and 48 cmH2O loads. CONCLUSION: This maneuver is a standardization of the inspiratory LES pressure and may better differentiate patients with reflux disease from healthy individuals, and may also be useful for monitoring the treatment of these patients through inspiratory muscle training.
Subject(s)
Esophageal Sphincter, Lower/physiology , Adult , Female , Humans , Inhalation , Manometry , Middle Aged , Pressure , Young AdultABSTRACT
Background:Through rhythmic variations, the diaphragm influence lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure acting as an external sphincter. LES pressure recording is characterized by increased pressure in inspiration due to contraction of the diaphragmatic crura that involves the sphincter.Aim:To describe a method of measuring LES pressure during standardized inspiratory maneuvers with increasing loads.Methods:The study population comprised of eight healthy female volunteers (average age of 31.5 years). An esophageal high-resolution manometry and impedance system was used for measuring the LES pressure during 3-second inspiratory efforts under 12, 24 and 48 cm H2O loads (Threshold maneuvers).Results:There was a significant difference between the average maximum LES pressure and the average maximum basal LES pressure during the first (76.19±17.92 difference, p=0.0008), second (86.92±19.01 difference, p=0.0004), and third seconds of the maneuver (90.86±17.93 difference, p=0.0002), with 12, 24 and 48 cmH2O loads.Conclusion:This maneuver is a standardization of the inspiratory LES pressure and may better differentiate patients with reflux disease from healthy individuals, and may also be useful for monitoring the treatment of these patients through inspiratory muscle training.
Racional:Através de variações rítmicas, o diafragma influencia a pressão do EEI, atuando como um esfíncter externo. O registro manométrico da sua pressão caracteriza-se por aumento de pressão na inspiração resultante da contração da crura diafragmática que envolve o esfíncter. Objetivo:Descrever um método de medida da pressão do esfíncter esofágico inferior (EEI) durante manobras inspiratórias padronizadas, com cargas crescentes.Métodos:Oito voluntários sadios (sexo feminino, média de idade de 31,5 anos) participaram do estudo. Uma manometria esofágica de alta resolução e impedanciometria mediram a pressão do EEI durante manobras inspiratórias com o Threshold sob cargas de 12, 24 e 48 cm H2O. Resultados:Comparando-se as médias houve diferença significativa entre a pressão máxima do EEI e a sua pressão basal máxima durante o primeiro (diferença de 76,19±17,92, p=0,0008), segundo (diferença 86,92±19,01, p=0,0004) e terceiro segundos da manobra (diferença 90,86±17,93, p=0,0002), tanto com carga de 12 cm de H2O, quanto com 24 e 48 cm. Conclusão:Esta manobra é uma padronização da pressão inspiratória do EEI e pode diferenciar melhor pacientes com doença do refluxo de indivíduos sadios, podendo também ser útil na monitorização do tratamento desses pacientes por meio do treinamento muscular inspiratório.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Esophageal Sphincter, Lower/physiology , Inhalation , Manometry , PressureABSTRACT
A inserção dos sujeitos nos cenários de prática na Atenção Básica tem sido apontada como uma experiência instigante, pois reúne professores, estudantes, profissionais de saúde, gestores e comunidade, desafiando agregar valores, conhecimentos e experiência, a partir do caráter de interdisciplinaridade e integralidade das ações pedagógicas. Os avanços se relacionam na existência de um projeto, o PET-Saúde/UFC, com proposta metodológica de significativa operacionalidade para integralidade e interdisciplinaridade para os cursos de graduação em saúde. O presente trabalho relata as estratégias pedagógicas que fomentaram a compreensão do cuidado na Atenção Básica como um todo realizadas pelo projeto por meio do desenvolvimento de um percurso metodológico para percepçãodo vivido e da totalidade, enquanto relato de experiência do movimento em construção de processos formativos.
Practical activities in primary care have been identified as a fulfilling experience, to the extent that they convene professors, students, health professionals, administrators, and the community, who are challenged to add values, knowledge, and experience based on the interdisciplinary and comprehensive nature of the teaching activities. Progress in this area has been identified in the Educational Program for Health Work at UFC, as an efficient methodological proposal for comprehensive, interdisciplinary learning in undergraduate health courses. The current study reports on the pedagogical strategies that fostered an understanding of primary care as a whole through the development of a methodological approach for grasping the total living experience, as a movement in the construction of formative processes.
ABSTRACT
Because diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is able to assess tissue integrity, we used diffusion to detect abnormalities in trigeminal nerves (TGN) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) caused by neurovascular compression (NVC). We also studied anatomical TGN parameters (cross-sectional area [CSA] and volume [V]). Using DTI sequencing in a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, we measured the fraction of anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of TGN in 10 patients selected as candidates to have microvascular decompression (MVD) for TN, and 6 normal control subjects. We compared data between the affected nerves of TN (ipsilateral TN), unaffected nerves of TN (contralateral TN), and both nerves in normal subjects (controls), and correlated these data with CSA and V. The FA of the ipsilateral TN (0.37±0.08) was significantly lower (P<.05) compared with the contralateral TN (0.48±0.08) and control values (0.52±0.04). The ADC of ipsilateral TN (5.6±0.89 mm(2)/s) was significantly higher (P<.05) compared with the contralateral TN (4.26±0.59 mm(2)/s) and control values (3.84±0.43 mm(2)/s). Ipsilateral TN had less V and CSA compared with contralateral TN and control values (P<.05). The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a strong positive correlation between loss of FA and loss of V (r=0.7576) and loss of CSA (r=0.9273) of affected nerves. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a strong negative correlation between increase in ADC and loss of V (r=-0.7173) and loss of CSA (r=-0.7416) in affected nerves. DTI revealed alteration in the FA and ADC values of the affected TGN. These alterations were correlated with atrophic changes in patients with TN caused by NVC.
Subject(s)
Basilar Artery/pathology , Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods , Trigeminal Nerve/pathology , Trigeminal Neuralgia/pathology , Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency/pathology , Adult , Aged , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Microvascular Decompression Surgery/methods , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Trigeminal Nerve/blood supply , Trigeminal Neuralgia/etiology , Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency/complicationsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the effect of 1,8 cineoleee components of the essencial oil of Croton nepetaefolius - plant of North-East of Brasil, used in the popular medicine for riots of the gastrointestinal tract - on the motor behavior of the gut of Wistar rats. METHODS: Used 16 male animals under jejun of 24h weighing 300-350g. The effect of 1.8 cineoleee (1 or 3mg/Kg) on gastric compliance had been lead in anaesthetized rats. The variations of the gastric volume (GV), had been measured by plethysmography, while AP, HR and CVP had been monitored continuously by a digital system of data acquisition. RESULTS: Observe reduction of the GV, which was significant on 30, 40, 50 and 60min after treatment (2.0±0.1; 1.9±0.1; 1.8±0.1 and 1.7±0.1mL, versus 2.1±0.2mL). The AP presented significant fall after the administration of 1.8 cineoleee, remaining thus during 60min of monitorization (87.9±7.7; 87.6±7.1; 87.9±6.4; 87.8±5.7; 86.0±5.5 and 87.7±6.0mmHg, respectively versus 94.4±6.2 mmHg), as well as the HR (366.3±13.4; 361.7±11.5; 357.3±10.4; 353.0±10.4; 348.3±11.1 and 350.4±13.7bpm, respectively versus 395.2±11.1bpm). The CVP did not suffer significant variations after treatment. CONCLUSION: Observe the 1.8 cineoleee reduces the gastric compliance in anaesthetized rats besides presenting effect hipotensor and bradicardic; probably for direct action on the gastrointestinal and vascular smooth muscel and moduling the autonomic nervous system.
OBJETIVO: Estudar o efeito do 1.8 cineol, componente do Cróton nepetaefolius (planta do Nordeste) comumente usada na medicina popular para distúrbios do trato gastrintestinal (TGI), sobre o comportamento motor do TGI de ratos Wistar anestesiados. MÉTODOS: Utilizamos 16 animais machos, pesando entre 300 a 350g. Os estudos de complacência gástrica foram conduzidos em animais sob jejum de 24h. As variações do volume gástrico (VG), foram medidas por pletismografia, enquanto a PA, FC e PVC foram monitoradas continuamente por um sistema digital de aquisição de dados. RESULTADOS: Observamos diminuição do VG, o qual foi significativo aos 30, 40, 50 e 60min após o tratamento com 1.8 cineol quando comparado ao perído basal (2,0±0,1; 1,9±0,1; 1,8±0,1 e 1,7±0,1mL, vs 2,1±0,2mL). A PA apresentou queda significativa após a administração de 1.8 cineol, mantendo-se assim durante os 60min de monitoração (87,9±7,7; 87,6±7,1; 87,9±6,4; 87,8±5,7; 86,0±5,5 e 87,7±6,0mmHg, respectivamente vs 94,4±6,2; mmHg), bem como a FC (366,3±13,4; 361,7±11,5; 357,3±10,4; 353,0±10,4; 348,3±11,1 e 350,4±13,7bpm respectivamente vs 395,2±11,1bpm). Já a PVC não sofreu variações significativas durante após o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: O 1.8 cineol diminui a complacência gástrica em ratos anestesiados além de apresentar efeitos hipotensor e bradicárdico; provavelmente por ação direta sobre a musculatura lisa gastrintestinal e vascular e modulação do sistema nervoso autônomo.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Croton Oil/pharmacology , Cyclohexanols/pharmacology , Monoterpenes/pharmacology , Stomach/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Anesthesia, General , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Central Venous Pressure/drug effects , Compliance/drug effects , Gastric Balloon , Heart Rate/drug effects , Models, Animal , Plethysmography , Rats, Wistar , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeitto do envelhecimento na motilidade do esôfago de pacientes com doença de Chagas, os autores estudaram, pelo método manométrico com perfusão contínua, a motilidade do esôfago em 75 pacientes com diagnóstico sorológico de doença de /chagas. Eles foram divididos em quatro grupos: pacientes com exame radiológico do esôfago normal sem disfagia com idade abaixo de 50 anos (grupo I, n= 35) ou acima de 50 anos (grupo II, n= 13) e pacientes com exames radiológico do esôfago com retenção do meio de contraste, sem dilatação e com disfagia e idade abaixo de 50 anos (grupo III, n= 11) ou acima de 50 anos (grupo IV, n= 16). Omo grupo controle foram estudados 40 voluntários normais. As contraçõesforam registradas após dez deglutições de 5ml de água e dez deglutições secas, com intervalo mínimo de 30 segundos entre elas. Em relação ao efeito idade, comparando o grupo I com o II e o III como o IV, observou-se que os grupos de maior idade têm menor número de deglutições com relaxamento completo do esfínter inferior do esôfago e maior número de falhas de contrações.(p<0,50). Não houve diferença significativa entre esses grupos quanto à amplitude, duração e velocidade das contrações, pressão do esfíncter inferior do esôfago (EIE), duração do relaxamento do EIE e o número de contrações síncronas ou com picos múltipos. Os autores concluem que os resultados sugerem que o envelhecimento pode interferir com a motilidade do esôfago de pacientes com doença de Chaga, mas não agrava significativamente a esofagopatia da doença
