ABSTRACT
At the global level, Sorghum bicolor (L.), is one of the most important crops, which ranks fifth among all cereals. It is cultivated in Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas, where it serves as a source of food and feed for humans and animals, respectively. However, production is constrained by several factors including pests and diseases. Among the pests that are known to attack Sorghum, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), commonly called the green cereal aphid, is the most destructive pest of sorghum. S. graminum damage to sorghum is worsen by water deficit which favors its occurrence. Limited information on the spatial distribution of the pest and its natural enemies impedes the development of ecologically friendly management strategies. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum and its natural enemy Coccinella septempunctata (L.) during the vegetative and reproductive stage of the crop using geostatistical analysis. The spatiotemporal distribution of S. graminum was influenced by Sorghum development stage, surrounding landscape, and presence of its main predator C. septempunctata. Moreover, the abundance of C. septempunctata was influenced by the density of S. graminum. The findings from this study are required for developing sustainable pest management strategies against S. graminum.
Subject(s)
Aphids , Coleoptera , Sorghum , Animals , Crops, Agricultural , Edible GrainABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The present study analysed the effects of different occlusal loading on premolars displaying various non-carious cervical lesions morphologies, restored (or not) with composites, by 3D finite element analysis. METHODS: A three-dimensional digital model of a maxillary premolar was generated using CAD software. Three non-carious cervical lesions morphological types were simulated: wedged-shaped, saucer and mixed. All virtual models underwent three loading types (100 N): vertical, buccal and palatal loading. The simulated non-carious cervical lesions morphologies were analysed with and without restorations to consider specific regions, such as the occlusal and gingival walls as well as the depth of the lesions. Data summarizing the stress distribution were obtained in MPa using Maximum Principal Stress. RESULTS: Palatal loads were responsible for providing the highest values of accumulated tensile stress on the buccal wall; 27.66 MPa and 25.76 MPa for mixed and wedged-shaped morphologies, respectively. The highest tensile values found on non-carious cervical lesions morphologies restored with composite resin were 5.9 MPa in the mixed morphology, similar to those found on sound models despite their morphologies and occlusal loading. CONCLUSIONS: The various non-carious cervical lesions morphologies had little effect on stress distribution patterns, whereas the loading type and presence of composite restorations influenced the biomechanical behaviour of the maxillary premolars.
Subject(s)
Bite Force , Composite Resins/chemistry , Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods , Finite Element Analysis , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Tooth Cervix/physiopathology , Tooth Wear/physiopathology , Bicuspid/physiopathology , Biomechanical Phenomena , Dental Stress Analysis/methods , Elastic Modulus , Humans , Maxilla , Models, Anatomic , Models, Biological , Stress, Mechanical , Tensile Strength , User-Computer InterfaceABSTRACT
O hipotireoidismo congênito, causado pela ausência anatômica ou funcional da glândula tireóide, apresenta freqüência mundial de aproximadamente 1:4000 recém-nascidos. A principal implicação da doença, o retardo mental, somente pode ser evitada se o tratamento se iniciar nas primeiras semanas de vida. Por isso, o diagnóstico precoce constitui a chave de êxito no tratamento da enfermidade. O Umelisa TSH neonatal é um ensaio heterogêneo imunoenziomático tipo sanduíche, cuja fase sólida são micropoços de 10mL em tiras/placas pré-sensibilizadas com anticorpos policlonais anticadeia Beta do TSH. As amostras de sangue são eluídas com um conjugado anti_TSH policlonal/fosfatase alcalina e transferidas para placas de reação. A reação é revelada com substrato fluorigênico e a intensidade da fluorescência emitida é proporcional à concentração de TSH presente na amostra. A leitura é realizada automaticamente por um leitor fluorímetro-fotômetro computadorizado. A curva padrão validada contra ao padrão 80 558 da OMS varia dentro de uma faixa de 10-200 µUI/L, com limite de detecção de 2 µUI/L. Posteriormente, a curva foi ajustada para medir valores a partir de 0,1 µUI/L. A avaliação analítica mostrou uma precisão intra e inter-ensaio no ponto de corte (25 µUI/L) de 6,2 e 7,4 por cento, respectivamente. A correlação entre o Umelisa TSH neonatal e o Delfia neonatal TSH foi boa (r = 0,99), além de não ser detectadas interferências significativas com outros hormônios hipofisários e proteínas séricas. A recuperação do teste foi de 101,1 +/- 3,7 por cento. Na prova de paralelismo, as concentrações calculadas de 3 amostras, após a correção com o fator de diluição, foi de +/- 6,4 por cento da concentração original da amostra pura. O Umelisa- TSH neonatal mostrou-se um método rápido e sensível, podendo ser utilizado como uma opção para programas de rastreamento em massa, já que permite operar com grandes quantidades de amostras garantindo eficiência e custo compatível com a tabela de exames complementares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).
