Relationship between vitamin B12 levels and motor development: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nutrition plays a crucial role in the development and health of the human brain, from early stages to adulthood. The complex process of neurodevelopment necessitates interaction among various factors, with balance in the concentration of vital macronutrients and micronutrients being essential. Regarding micronutrients, vitamin B12 stands out, playing a vital role in the development and functioning of the motor nervous system. The objective was to investigate the influence of reduced levels of vitamin B12 on infant motor development and analyze the effects of supplementation on this aspect of development. METHODS: For this purpose, the criteria of the PRISMA method and registration in the PROSPERO database were used. The search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed (Medline), Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. A total of 684 records were initially identified. RESULTS: Of the eight included articles, there was diversity regarding geographical contexts and study designs. The final sample comprised a total of 1,559 participants of both sexes. Studies aimed at correcting low levels of vitamin B12 opted for supplementation, following various protocols that varied in dose, administration method, and duration. At the end of the studies, the serum level of this vitamin ranged from 131 pmol/L to 1141 pmol/L. CONCLUSION: There is a complex array of factors contributing to reduced levels of vitamin B12, especially in the early stages of life, which significantly impacts infant motor development. Despite methodological variations among studies, evidence suggests that low levels of vitamin B12 may affect motor development and that supplementation could be an effective means of enhancing motor aspects in healthy children. However, due to the diversity of outcomes, it is important to promote comprehensive public policies to encourage appropriate interventions in this area.

Electrochemical Characterization Using Biosensors with the Coagulant Moringa oleifera Seed Lectin (cMoL).

Triturated Moringa oleifera seeds have components that adsorb recalcitrant indigo carmine dye. Coagulating proteins known as lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) have already been purified from the powder of these seeds, in milligram amounts. The coagulant lectin from M. oleifera seeds (cMoL) was characterized by potentiometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using MOFs, or metal-organic frameworks, of [Cu3(BTC)2(H2O)3]n to immobilize cMoL and construct biosensors. The potentiometric biosensor revealed an increase in the electrochemical potential resulting from the Pt/MOF/cMoL interaction with different concentrations of galactose in the electrolytic medium. The developed aluminum batteries constructed with recycled cans degraded an indigo carmine dye solution; the oxide reduction reactions of the batteries generated Al(OH)3, promoting dye electrocoagulation. Biosensors were used to investigate cMoL interactions with a specific galactose concentration and monitored residual dye. SEM revealed the components of the electrode assembly steps. Cyclic voltammetry showed differentiated redox peaks related to dye residue quantification by cMoL. Electrochemical systems were used to evaluate cMoL interactions with galactose ligands and efficiently degraded dye. Biosensors could be used for lectin characterization and monitoring dye residues in environmental effluents of the textile industry.

Early-life undernutrition and depression later in life: a systematic review.

CONTEXT: Early adverse experience can have a long-term effect on growth and development and negative repercussions into adulthood. Among the various consequences of undernutrition is depression. OBJECTIVE: The present work aimed to evaluate the relationship between early-life undernutrition and depression in adult life. DATA SOURCES: Data were obtained from the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases in November 2021 and were selected using the systematic bibliographic review manager program State of the Art Through Systematic Review. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted using the State of the Art Through Systematic Review program. DATA ANALYSIS: Of the 559 articles that were identified, 114 were duplicates, and 426 were excluded after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the title and abstract. One other relevant study was included. From the 20 remaining articles, 8 were excluded after the full-text screening. Finally, 12 articles remained for review in the present work. The studies described in these articles investigated humans, rats, or mice, and correlated early-life malnutrition and depression in adulthood as the principal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Undernutrition in early life and later depression are linked. Furthermore, the knowledge that the risk factors for depression start at the beginning of life points to public health policies starting in intrauterine life and extending throughout childhood and adolescence.

Therapeutic advances for treating memory impairments in perinatal brain injuries with implications for cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by damage to the immature brain. CP is considered the main cause of physical disability in childhood. Studies have shown that memory function and emotional behaviour are significantly impaired in CP. Current thought is that interventions for neuromotor damaged play a prominent role, but neglects the memory acquisition problems that affect the functioning and quality of life of these children. This systematic review aims to map and analyse pre-clinical interventions used to treat memory formation problems resulting from CP. For this, a search was carried out in the Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Lilacs databases. Then, eligibility, extraction date and evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies were determined. 52 studies were included in this review, and 27 were included in a meta-analysis. Assessing memory performance as a primary outcome, and structural and biochemical changes in the hippocampus as a secondary outcome. CP models were reported to be induced by hypoxia-ischemia, oxygen deprivation and liposaccharide (LPS) exposure, resulting in impairments in the formation of short-term and long-term memory in adult life. A reduction in escape latency and dwell time were observed in the target quadrant as well as an increase in the time needed for the rodents to find the platform in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Brain injuries during the perinatal period are considered an insult that negatively impacts hippocampus maturation and causes impairment in memory formation in adult life. Some studies reported that regions of the hippocampus such as the dentate gyrus and cornu ammonis 1 were impaired in CP, noting an increase in oxidative stress enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines, associated with a reduction in BDNF and neurogenesis levels. These were reported to cause a reduction in the number of neurons and the volume of the hippocampus, in addition to an increase in astrogliosis and apoptosis of neurons and difficulties in forming new memories similar to those that occur in children with CP. Interventions that reduced neuroinflammation and the presence of free radicals were highlighted as a therapy for the memory disturbance present in CP. Preclinical studies registered treatments with oxygen interventions, resveratrol and erythropoietin, which were able to reduce the damage to the hippocampus and promote improvements in memory and behaviour. In the meta-analysis of selected studies, we observed favorable results, through effect size, for the use of oxygen interventions (SDM -6.83 95% CI [-7.91, -5.75], Z = 12.38, p = 0.03; I2 = 71%), erythropoietin (SDM -3.16 95% CI [-4.27, -2.05], Z = 5.58, p = 0.002; I2 = 82%) and resveratrol (SDM -2.42 95% CI [-3.19, - 1.66], Z = 6.21, p = 0.01; I2 = 77%), stimulating plastic responses in the hippocampus and facilitating the memory formation, with these presenting positive effects in general (SDM -2.84 95% CI [-3.10, -2.59], Z = 22.00; p < 0.00001; I2 = 92.9%). These studies demonstrate possible avenues of intervention for memory alterations in experimental models of early brain injuries, highlighting promising interventions that can facilitate the maturation of the hippocampus and memory formation and, consequently, minimize functional problems that arise during development.

Frequência de sintomas sugestivos de transtorno de estresse agudo em pacientes queimados / Frequency of symptoms suggestive of acute stress disorder in burn patients / Frecuencia de síntomas sugestivos de trastorno de estrés agudo en pacientes quemados

As queimaduras são um sério problema de saúde pública devido aos altos custos financeiros e aos impactos físicos, psicológicos e sociais nos indivíduos afetados. Este artigo apresenta um estudo transversal, que investigou a possível ocorrência do transtorno de estresse agudo em pacientes vítimas de queimaduras, a partir do levantamento de sintomas sugestivos do transtorno em pacientes hospitalizados em uma unidade de queimados, com base em uma amostragem não probabilística e de conveniência. Os resultados indicaram que a margem de transtorno de estresse agudo em pacientes que foram internados na unidade de queimados da instituição estudada está próxima à prevalência prevista pelo Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais, que é de 10%. A pesquisa mostra a importância de se considerar os impactos psicológicos das queimaduras e a necessidade de políticas públicas que possam ajudar a prevenir e tratar esses transtornos em pacientes afetados.

Burns are a serious public health problem due to the high financial costs and physical, psychological, and social impacts on affected individuals. This article presents a cross-sectional study that investigated the possible occurrence of acute stress disorder in burn patients by assessing symptoms suggestive of the disorder in patients hospitalized in a burn unit, based on a non-probabilistic convenience sample. The results indicated that the rate of acute stress disorder in patients admitted to the burn unit of the institution studied is close to the prevalence predicted by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which is 10%. The research highlights the importance of considering the psychological impacts of burns and the need for public policies to prevent and treat these disorders in affected patients.

Las quemaduras representan un grave problema de salud pública debido a los altos costos financieros y a los impactos físicos, psicológicos y sociales en las personas afectadas. Este artículo presenta un estudio transversal que investigó la posible presencia de trastorno de estrés agudo en pacientes víctimas de quemaduras, mediante la evaluación de síntomas sugestivos del trastorno en pacientes hospitalizados en una unidad de quemados, utilizando una muestra no probabilística y de conveniencia. Los resultados indicaron que la tasa de trastorno de estrés agudo en pacientes ingresados en la unidad de quemados de la institución estudiada se encuentra cercana a la prevalencia prevista en el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de Trastornos Mentales, que es del 10%. La investigación resalta la importancia de considerar los impactos psicológicos de las quemaduras y la necesidad de políticas públicas que puedan contribuir a prevenir y tratar estos trastornos en los pacientes afectados.

Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against Leptospira spp: a literature review / Actividad antibacteriana de plantas medicinales contra Leptospiraspp: una revisión de la literatura

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira that affects animals and humans. This disease is usually treated empirically due to its prevalence in precarious areas without basic sanitation. The use of medicinal plants in less industrializedsocieties has been one of the main therapeutic resources available. Considering the need to use these natural resources to combat leptospirosis in areas of socioeconomic vulnerability, this study aimed to review the literature on the use of plants with medicinal potential in the treatment of leptospirosis. The results showed that even though leptospirosis is a common disease in communities lacking basic sanitation and economic development, the number of studies on the use of plants with medicinal potential is scarce. Most of these studies come from India, and all plants investigated between 2012 and 2020 had antileptospiral action.

La leptospirosis es una zoonosis causada por bacterias del género Leptospira que afecta a animales y humanos. Esta enfermedad suele ser tratada empíricamente debido a su prevalencia en zonas precarias sin saneamiento básico. El uso de plantas medicinales en las sociedades menos industrializadas ha sido uno de los principales recursos terapéuticos disponibles. Considerando la necesidad de utilizar estos recursos naturales para combatir la leptospirosis en áreas de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, este estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura sobre el uso de plantas con potencial medicinal en el tratamiento de la leptospirosis. Los resultados mostraron que a pesar de que la leptospirosis es una enfermedad común en comunidades que carecen de saneamiento básico y desarrollo económico, el número de estudios sobre el uso de plantas con potencial medicinal es escaso. La mayoría de estos estudios provienen de India, y todas las plantas investigadas entre 2012 y 2020 tuvieron acción antileptospirales.

Resistance profile and biofilm production capacity of Staphylococcus spp. beef slaughterhouse isolates and their sensitivity to Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil.

Microorganisms can interfere with meat quality, being a public health problem. The aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from utensils of a bovine slaughterhouse and to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary). Samples of surfaces and utensils used during slaughter in the northwest of the state of Paraná, Brazil were collected. After isolation and differentiation of the isolates by the coagulase test, the antimicrobial susceptibility test, Staphylococcus aureus identification and mecA gene research were performed. The study for biofilm production was carried out by the method of adhesion in borosilicate tube and by adhesion in polystyrene plate. Subsequently, the inhibitory activity of the R. officinalis essential oil and its ability to inhibit biofilm were investigated. Twenty-two of the samples collected were identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and five as coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. There was resistance to all antibiotics tested, with clindamycin (33.33%) and rifampicin (29.6%) showing the highest rate. None of the samples was confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus or for the presence of the mecA resistance gene. The essential oil inhibited the growth of 48% of the isolates at a concentration of 16,000 µg/mL. Of these isolates, 33% were positive for biofilm production and this biofilm was also inhibited by the essential oil. This work revealed that multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus and biofilm producers are present in the slaughter environment and are susceptible to the essential oil of R. officinalis.

Presence of mast cells in the rat pericranium ­ a tissue very sensitive to pain / Presença de mastócitos no pericrânio do rato ­ tecido muito sensível à dor

Objective: To evaluate mast cell presence in the pericranium of Wistar rats. Methods: Five male rats of the Wistar strain were used. The animals were housed under a 12 h light cycle with ad libitum access to food and water and allowed 10 days of acclimatization before tissue sampling. The five rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine/xylazine, 10/20 mg/kg. Following aseptic preparation of the head skin, a midline longitudinal incision was made to expose the pericranium. Two samples of the pericranium were taken, one from the right and one from the left. These samples were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde for 24 h. After fixation, tissue samples were paraffin-embedded and sectioned at 4 µm. Then, slides were deparaffinized, stained with a concentration of 0.1% toluidine blue for 1 min, and washed with distilled water. Last, slides were photomicrographed under 400x magnification to identify mast cells. Results: Mast cells were identified in the dura mater and the five rats' pericranium. In the dura mater, mast cells were also found in these rats. We found both granulated (intact) and degranulated mast cells. Conclusion: We suggest that future preclinical studies investigating the involvement of dural mast cells and other meningeal cell populations should also include pericranium samples to explore this structure's relevance in migraine pain and other headache disorders.

Objetivo: Avaliar a presença de mastócitos no pericrânio de ratos Wistar. Métodos: Foram utilizados cinco ratos machos da linhagem Wistar. Os animais foram alojados sob um ciclo de luz de 12 horas com acesso ad libitum a comida e água e tiveram 10 dias de aclimatação antes da amostragem de tecido. Os cinco ratos foram anestesiados por injeção intraperitoneal de cetamina/xilazina, 10/20 mg/kg. Após preparação asséptica da pele da cabeça, foi feita uma incisão longitudinal na linha média para expor o pericrânio. Foram retiradas duas amostras do pericrânio, uma da direita e outra da esquerda. Essas amostras foram fixadas em formaldeído tamponado a 10% por 24 horas. Após a fixação, as amostras de tecido foram embebidas em parafina e seccionadas a 4 µm. Em seguida, as lâminas foram desparafinizadas, coradas com concentração de azul de toluidina 0,1% por 1 min e lavadas com água destilada. Por fim, as lâminas foram fotomicrografadas com aumento de 400x para identificação de mastócitos. Resultados: Foram identificados mastócitos na dura-máter e no pericrânio dos cinco ratos. Na dura-máter, mastócitos também foram encontrados nesses ratos. Encontramos mastócitos granulados (intactos) e desgranulados. Conclusão: Sugerimos que futuros estudos pré-clínicos que investiguem o envolvimento de mastócitos durais e outras populações de células meníngeas também incluam amostras de pericrânio para explorar a relevância desta estrutura na dor da enxaqueca e em outros distúrbios de cefaleia.

As mulheres em Lolita: um discurso violento sobre a sexualidade feminina / The women in Lolita: a violent discourse about the female sexuality / Las mujeres en Lolita: un discurso violento sobre la sexualidad femenina

Resumo O presente artigo pretende construir uma leitura psicanalítica sobre as mulheres presentes em 'Lolita', obra literária de Vladimir Nabokov, publicada em 1955. O livro é a autobiografia de Humbert Humbert, de 38 anos, que tem como objeto de amor uma garota de 12 anos, a quem ele nomeia como ninfeta. O narrador defende a existência de duas categorias femininas diferentes. A primeira é atribuída às mulheres adultas, nomeadas como agentes paliativos por serem permitidas por Lei a se relacionarem sexualmente com homens; e a segunda, às diabólicas ninfetas, seu verdadeiro objeto de desejo. Partindo de uma leitura freudolacaniana sobre o feminino e apoiada nos estudos da filósofa Simone de Beauvoir sobre as categorias de representação social das mulheres, o artigo realizou um percurso a partir da fala do narrador Humbert Humbert, criador de tais categorias do feminino, para a investigação do conceito sobre fetichismo. Foi possível concluir que o discurso acerca da sexualidade feminina se constitui para benefício exclusivo de Humbert Humbert, que determina e goza com a nomeação de mulheres, ou seja, ao falar sobre o feminino, o narrador nos ajuda a produzir UM saber, voltado, na verdade, para a sexualidade masculina.

Abstract This article intends to construe a psychoanalytical reading about the women in the literary work Lolita, by Vladimir Nabokov, published in 1955. The book is the autobiography of Humbert Humbert, 38, whose love object is a 12-year-old girl whom that he names as a nymphet. The narrator argues for the existence of two different female categories. The first would be attributed to adult women, named as palliative agents as permitted by the Law to have sexual relations with men. The second to diabolical nymphets, their true object of desire. Starting from a Freudolacanian reading about the feminine and supported by the philosopher Simone de Beauvoir's studies on the categories of women's social representation, this paper will return to the narrator Humbert Humbert, creator of such categories of the feminine, to investigate concept about fetishism. At the end of the work, we were able to realize that the discourse about female sexuality is constituted for the exclusive benefit of Humbert Humbert, who determines and enjoys the naming of women, that is, by talking about the feminine, the narrator helps us to produce a knowledge, in fact, about male sexuality.

Resumen Este artículo pretende construir una lectura psicoanalítica sobre las mujeres presentes en "Lolita", obra literaria de Vladimir Nabokov, publicada en 1955. El libro es la autobiografía de Humbert Humbert, de 38 años, que tiene como objeto de amor a una niña de 12 años, a la que nombra nínfula. El narrador defiende la existencia de dos categorías femeninas diferentes. El primero se atribuiría a las mujeres adultas, nombradas como agentes paliativos por permitirles la Ley relacionarse sexualmente con los hombres. El segundo a las ninfas diabólicas, su verdadero objeto de deseo. Partiendo de una lectura freudolacaniana de lo femenino y apoyándose en los estudios de la filósofa Simone de Beauvoir sobre las categorías de representación social de la mujer, el artículo hace un recorrido desde el discurso del narrador Humbert Humbert, creador de tales categorías de lo femenino, hasta la investigación del concepto de fetichismo. Al final de la obra, pudimos percibir que el discurso sobre la sexualidad femenina se constituye para beneficio exclusivo de Humbert Humbert, quien determina y disfruta al nombrar a las mujeres, es decir, al hablar de lo femenino, el narrador nos ayuda a producir un conocimiento, de hecho, sobre la sexualidad masculina.

Adolescents and young adults infected by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV): vulnerabilities and feelings experienced.

OBJECTIVE: To know the vulnerabilities experienced by adolescents and young adults infected by the Human Papillomavirus attended at a reference center in Feira de Santana - Bahia. METHOD: Qualitative study, carried out with a semi-structured interview with 20 adolescents and young adults, from November 2020 to February 2021. For data analysis, the Content Analysis proposed by Bardin and the software Iramuteq were used. RESULTS: The discovery of the infection highlights the misunderstanding about illness, fear, despair and guilt, individual and collective dimensions that point to little knowledge about the Human Papillomavirus. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It is necessary to implement public policies to minimize risks, through knowledge and confrontation of sexually transmitted infections, as well as health promotion strategies and shared decisions for the process of behavior change in adolescents and young adults.

Estresse e burnoutem enfermeiros da emergência de um hospital referência em urgência e trauma / Estrés y burnout en enfermeros de urgencias en hospital de referencia en urgencia y trauma / Stress and burnout in emergency nurses at a reference hospital in emergency and trauma

Objective:to investigate the correlation between stress and Burnout in nurses working in a trauma emergency room in Belo Horizonte. Method:a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study with 46 emergency nurses, based on the Job Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and a sociodemographic record. Results:65.22% of nurses had high psychological demand. In the Demand-control Model, 34.78% of the nurses were in work activity and 30.43% were under high stress, causing harmful effects onhealth. As for Burnout, 23.91% had high emotional distress, 21.74% had high depersonalization,28.26% had low professional fulfillment, and three nurses were in Burnout. Conclusion:there is a correlation between stress and Burnout. Nurses are exposed to a highly stressful work environment, conducive to the development of Burnout. It is necessary to implement strategies aimed at coping with stress, preventing Burnout, in addition to treating those who are already ill.

Objetivo:investigar o estresse e Burnoutnos enfermeiros da emergência de um pronto-socorro referência em trauma em Belo Horizonte. Método:estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo, com 46 enfermeiros da emergência, realizado a partir da Job Stress Scale, do Maslach Burnout Inventorye de uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos. Resultados:65,22% dos enfermeiros possuíam alta demanda psicológica. No Modelo Demanda-Controle, 34,78% dos enfermeiros estavam trabalhando ativamente e 30,43% em alto desgaste, ocasionando efeitos nocivos à saúde. Quanto ao Burnout, 23,91% apresentaram alto desgaste emocional, 21,74% alta despersonalização e 28,26% baixa realização profissional, sendo que três enfermeiras já estavam em Burnout. Conclusão:existe correlação entre estresse e Burnout. Os enfermeiros estão expostos a um ambiente laboral altamente estressante, propício ao desenvolvimento de Burnout. É preciso implementar estratégias objetivando o enfrentamento do estresse e a prevenção de Burnout, além de tratar os já adoecidos.

Objetivo:investigar la correlación entre estrés y Burnout en enfermeros que trabajan en una sala de emergencias de trauma en Belo Horizonte. Método:estudio transversal, descriptivo, cuantitativo con 46 enfermeros de urgencias, basado en la Job Stress Scale, el Maslach Burnout Inventory y registro sociodemográfico. Resultados:65,22% de los enfermeros presentaba alta demanda psicológica. En modelo de control de demanda, 34,78% de los enfermeros estaban trabajando y 30,43% estaban sometidos a mucho estrés,lo que provocaba efectos nocivos para salud. En cuanto al Burnout, 23,91% tenía alta angustia emocional, 21,74% alta despersonalización y 28,26% baja realización profesional, y tres enfermeras estaban en Burnout. Conclusión:existe correlación entre estrés y Burnout. Los enfermeros están expuestos a entorno laboral estresante, propicio para desarrollo del Burnout. Es necesario implementar estrategias dirigidas a afrontar el estrés, prevenir el Burnout, además de tratar a los que ya están enfermos

Biosensor Characterization from Cratylia mollis Seed Lectin (Cramoll)-MOF and Specific Carbohydrate Interactions in an Electrochemical Model.

Biosensors are small devices known for their selectivity, high specificity and sensitivity to the respective analyte, at low concentrations. We developed an electrochemical biosensor using the crystalline polymer MOF-[Cu3 (BTC)2 (H2 O)2 ]n to characterize Cratylia mollis seed lectin (Cramoll) and its interaction with free carbohydrate (glucose) and carbohydrates on the surface of rabbit erythrocytes. The electrochemical potentials presented by the exponential curves that vary from 96 to 142 mV in relation to concentrations of 10 to 20 mM of glucose are decisive for the use of the system containing gold electrode/MOF/Cramoll for the characterization of biological models due to its high sensitivity. As well as the kinetic behavior presented in the cyclic voltammograms, with a cathodic current response of 0.000 3 A for a glucose concentration of 15 mM. These results were due to the high specificity of Cramoll under these conditions, promoting stability of surface charges at the Cramoll/electrode interface. This phenomenon facilitates the monitoring of the interaction with free glucose present in the electrolyte medium by potentiometric and amperometric methods and with carbohydrates present on the surface of rabbit erythrocytes through the potentiometric method. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) it was possible to observe Cramoll immobilized on the MOF surface, proving the specificity of the ligand (glucose-lectin) through the morphological lectin changes in this process. This electrochemical model, Cramoll/MOF biosensor, is effective for evaluating free lectin/carbohydrate or in the erythrocyte membrane.