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1.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 104(4): 292-8, 2015 Apr.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25993592

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a public health problem, considering its high prevalence, low control rate and cardiovascular complications. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the control of blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular outcomes in patients enrolled at the Reference Center for Hypertension and Diabetes, located in a medium-sized city in the Midwest Region of Brazil. METHODS: Population-based study comparing patients enrolled in the service at the time of their admission and after an average follow-up of five years. Participants were aged ≥ 18 years and were regularly monitored at the Center up to 6 months before data collection. We assessed demographic variables, BP, body mass index, risk factors, and cardiovascular outcomes. RESULTS: We studied 1,298 individuals, predominantly women (60.9%), and with mean age of 56.7 ± 13.1 years. Over time, there was a significant increase in physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and excessive weight. As for cardiovascular outcomes, we observed an increase in stroke and myocardial revascularization, and a lower frequency of chronic renal failure. During follow-up, there was significant improvement in the rate of BP control (from 29.6% to 39.6%; p = 0.001) and 72 deaths, 91.7% of which were due to cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSION: Despite considerable improvements in the rate of BP control during follow-up, risk factors worsened and cardiovascular outcomes increased.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/physiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Hypertension/physiopathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Body Mass Index , Brazil , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology , Overweight/complications , Risk Factors , Sedentary Behavior , Stroke/epidemiology , Young Adult
2.
Rev. bras. hipertens ; 22(2): 65-71, abr.-jun.2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-881269

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: Fatores genéticos e ambientais são importantes na determinação da pressão arterial (PA). Alterações na PA, na resistência à insulina (RI) e ecocardiograma, têm sido estudadas em descendentes de hipertensos com resultados contraditórios. Objetivos: Estudar PA, RI, teste ergométrico (TE), morfologia e função cardíaca em jovens normotensos com e sem história familiar de hipertensão arterial (HA). Métodos: Estudo observacional. Jovens de 18 a 30 anos, divididos em 3 grupos: sem história familiar de hipertensão; um dos pais hipertensos; ambos os pais hipertensos. Excluídos hipertensos, obesos, tabagistas, em uso de medicação e com comorbidade. Feita avaliação antropométrica, PA casual, Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial (MAPA), TE, Ecocardiograma, Índice de HOMA. Diferença entre os grupos ­ ANOVA e teste t, comparação dos grupos ­ teste t de Student. Correlação de Pearson para relações entre as variáveis e correlação parcial, controlada para sexo, entre a hereditariedade e as outras variáveis. Significante p<0,05. Resultados: Estudados 63 indivíduos. G1 (n=21), G2 (n=22) e G3 (n=20). Idade média 21,1±2,2 anos, 39,1% homens. Sem diferenças na idade, peso, altura, IMC, PA casual e MAPA. O G3 apresentou tendência a menor descenso noturno da PA sistólica (PAS) (p=0,052), maiores níveis de insulina (p=0,019), maior HOMA (p=0,006) e maior diâmetro de átrio esquerdo (DAE) (p=0,020). Relação positiva entre DAE e PAS (p=0,005), insulina sérica (p=0,003) e HOMA (p=0,003). Conclusões: Descendentes de hipertensos apresentam maior RI, alterações no ritmo circadiano da PA e maior DAE, mesmo com valores normais de PA


Background: Genetic and environmental factors are equally important in determining blood pressure (BP). Changes in BP, insulin resistance (IR) and echocardiograms have been studied in offspring of hypertensive parents with contradictory results. Objective: Studying IR, BP, exercise test, cardiac morphology and function with echocardiogram, in normotensive young, with and without family history (FH) of hypertension (HTN). Methods: Students, 18 to 30 years, were included. They were divided into 3 groups: neither parent with HTN ­ G1, one of parents with HTN ­ G2 and both parents with HTN ­ G3. Exclusion criteria­ HTN, obesity, smoking, using medication and comorbidities. The study evaluated weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), office BP, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement (ABPM), exercise test, glycemia, insulin, HOMA-IR and Echocardiogram. ANOVA test was used to compare groups. Partial correlation adjusted for sex was used to evaluate associations. Results: Sixty-three individuals were studied. They were divided into 3 groups: G1 (n=21), G2 (n=22) and G3 (n=20). Mean age was 21.1±2.2 years, 39.1% were males. There was no difference regarding age, weight, height, BMI, office BP and ABPM. Group 3 had the lowest dipping of systolic BP (SBP) (p=0.052), the highest insulin levels (p=0.019), HOMA (0.006) and left atrium diameter (LAD) (p=0.020). We found a positive correlation between LAD with SBP (p=0.005), serum insulin (p=0.003) and HOMA (p=0.003). Conclusion: Results indicate that young offspring of hypertensive parents had more IR, changes in the BP circadian rhythm and have a bigger LAD, even with normal BP values


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Heredity , Hypertension , Risk Factors
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 104(4): 292-298, 04/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-745740

ABSTRACT

Background: Hypertension is a public health problem, considering its high prevalence, low control rate and cardiovascular complications. Objective: Evaluate the control of blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular outcomes in patients enrolled at the Reference Center for Hypertension and Diabetes, located in a medium-sized city in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Methods: Population-based study comparing patients enrolled in the service at the time of their admission and after an average follow-up of five years. Participants were aged ≥18 years and were regularly monitored at the Center up to 6 months before data collection. We assessed demographic variables, BP, body mass index, risk factors, and cardiovascular outcomes. Results: We studied 1,298 individuals, predominantly women (60.9%), and with mean age of 56.7±13.1 years. Over time, there was a significant increase in physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and excessive weight. As for cardiovascular outcomes, we observed an increase in stroke and myocardial revascularization, and a lower frequency of chronic renal failure. During follow-up, there was significant improvement in the rate of BP control (from 29.6% to 39.6%; p = 0.001) and 72 deaths, 91.7% of which were due to cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: Despite considerable improvements in the rate of BP control during follow-up, risk factors worsened and cardiovascular outcomes increased. .


Fundamento: A hipertensão arterial é um problema de saúde pública devido à sua elevada prevalência, baixa taxa de controle e complicações cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Avaliar o controle da pressão arterial (PA) e desfechos cardiovasculares em pacientes atendidos no Centro de Referência em Hipertensão e Diabetes, localizado em uma cidade de médio porte da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo de base populacional, que comparou pacientes matriculados no serviço no momento de sua admissão e após seguimento por período médio de 5 anos. Participantes ≥18 anos, em acompanhamento regular no Centro, até 6 meses antes da coleta dos dados. Foram avaliadas variáveis demográficas, PA, índice de massa corpórea, fatores de risco e desfechos cardiovasculares. Resultados: Estudamos 1.298 indivíduos, com predomínio do sexo feminino (60,9%) e média de idade de 56,7 ± 13,1 anos. Ao longo do tempo, houve aumento significativo de sedentarismo, etilismo, diabetes, dislipidemia e excesso de peso. Com relação aos desfechos cardiovasculares, observamos aumento de acidente vascular encefálico e revascularização do miocárdio e menor frequência de insuficiência renal crônica. Durante o seguimento, houve melhora significativa da taxa de controle da PA (de 29,6% para 39,6%; p = 0,001) e ocorrência de 72 óbitos, sendo 91,7% por doenças cardiovasculares. Conclusão: Apesar da considerável melhora da taxa de controle pressórico no período de seguimento, houve piora dos fatores de risco e número elevado de desfechos cardiovasculares. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Blood Pressure/physiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Hypertension/physiopathology , Body Mass Index , Brazil , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Disease Progression , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/therapy , Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology , Overweight/complications , Risk Factors , Sedentary Behavior , Stroke/epidemiology
4.
Rev. bras. hipertens ; 20(1): 34-41, jan.-mar.2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-881710

ABSTRACT

Revisamos 17 estudos com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia anti-hipertensiva da combinação de antagonistas de cálcio com bloqueadores dos receptores de angiotensina na redução da pressão arterial, de desfechos cardiovasculares e na incidência de efeitos adversos. A terapia combinada de bloqueador de canais de cálcio anlodipino ou nifedipino GITS, mais o bloqueador de receptor de angiotensina II valsartana, mostrou-se, na maioria dos estudos, mais eficaz que a monoterapia para redução de pressão arterial, além de mais benéfica quanto à diminuição de eventos cardiovasculares. O perfil de segurança e tolerabilidade das combinações também se revelou bastante aceitável, com o manejo de efeitos adversos favorecido pela maior possibilidade de ajustes de doses de substâncias com diferentes mecanismos de ação, sem comprometimento da eficácia anti-hipertensiva.


We reviewed 17 studies in order to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy on the combination of calcium antagonists and angiotensin receptor blockers in lowering the blood pressure, cardiovascular outcomes and incidence of side effects. The combination therapy of amlodipine or nifedipine GITS calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin II receptor blocker valsartan showed, in most studies, more effective than monotherapy to lower blood pressure, as well as more beneficial to decrease cardiovascular events. The safety profile and tolerability of the combinations also proved quite acceptable, with side effects management benefited by higher possibility of adjustments on doses of substances with different mechanisms of actions, without affecting the antihypertensive efficacy.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/adverse effects , Amlodipine, Valsartan Drug Combination/adverse effects , Nifedipine
5.
Rev. bras. hipertens ; 19(3): 65-69, jul.-set.2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-881721

ABSTRACT

A prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HAS) na faixa etária acima dos 65 anos é maior que 60%. Estima-se que nos Estados Unidos 69% dos pacientes com antecedente de infarto agudo do miocárdio, 77% com antecedente de acidente vascular cerebral e 74% com histórico de insuficiência cardíaca tenham diagnóstico prévio de HAS. Existem evidências consistentes suportando a recomendação para o tratamento em pacientes com mais de 60 anos de idade, com redução na incidência de desfechos cardiovasculares, mas persistem dúvidas em relação aos que ultrapassam 80 anos. Recentemente, a publicação do National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence para o tratamento da HAS em adultos recomendou a prescrição de drogas antihipertensivas em pacientes idosos com menos de 80 anos e hipertensão estágio 1 na presença de lesão em órgão-alvo, doença cardiovascular estabelecida, doença renal, diabetes ou risco cardiovascular em 10 anos ≥ 20%. Para quem tinha mais que 80 anos, a recomendação foi de tratamento medicamentoso a partir do estágio 2. A escolha da classe do anti-hipertensivo e a dose inicial devem levar em conta o risco de hipotensão postural bem como as comorbidades associadas. Idealmente devemos começar com doses mais baixas que as utilizadas para a população geral, aumentá-la de maneira gradual e em intervalos mais prolongados ou associar uma segunda classe também em doses inferiores, caso as metas não tenham sido atingidas. Apesar dos evidentes benefícios do tratamento, ainda há dúvidas em relação aos valores de pressão arterial que devem ser alcançados como meta.


The preponderance of hypertension (HTN) in the age group over 65 is greater than 60%. The estimate is that, in the United States, 69% of patients with previous myocardial infarction, 77% with a history of stroke and 74% with a history of heart failure had a previous diagnosis of HTN. There is consistent evidence supporting the recommendation for treatment in patients aged more than 60 years old, with reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes, however, doubt remains regarding the ones over 80. Recently, the publication of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence for the treatment of HTN in adults recommended the prescription of the antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients under 80 years old and stage 1 hypertension in the presence of target-organ damage, established cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, diabetes or cardiovascular risk in 10 years ≥ 20%. For those who were over 80, medical treatment from stage 2 was recommended. The choice of the class of antihypertensive and initial dose should take into account the risk of orthostatic hypotension and the associated comorbidities. Ideally we should start with lower doses than those used for the general population, increasing it gradually at longer intervals or associate a second class also at lower doses, if the goals have not been achieved. Despite the perceptible benefits of treatment, there are still questions regarding blood pressure that must be achieved as a goal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertension/therapy
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