Effects of High Intensity Interval Training versus Sprint Interval Training on Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Healthy Women.

BACKGROUND: For the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the practice of physical exercises is an effective strategy in improving or maintaining cardiorespiratory health; however, a lack of time is a barrier to access and interval training appears as possible facilitator. This study aims to compare the effects of two interval training protocols on cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy women. METHODS: we conducted a randomized clinical trial with 43 women with a mean age of 29.96 ± 6.25 years, allocated into two groups; high-intensity interval training (HIIT) consisting of four four-minute high-intensity sprints interspersed with three minutes of active recovery and the Sprint interval training (SIT) with four 30-s sprints all-out, interspersed with four minutes of recovery (active or passive). RESULTS: the HIIT group presented better results for the patterns without variation (0V) variables (p = 0.022); Shannon entropy (p = 0.004) Conditional Entropy (p = 0.025). However, there was a significant group effect for some variables, Oxygen Volume (VO2) (p = 0.004), Square root of the mean quadratic differences between the adjacent normal R-R intervals (p = 0.002) and standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals recorded in a time interval (p = 0.003), demonstrating an improvement independent of the protocol. CONCLUSION: we conclude that eight weeks of interval training were able to produce positive effects on cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy women, with better results for HIIT in this population.

Heart rate variability in the evaluation of the autonomic nervous system of premature infants.

One way to analyze the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is through heart rate variability (HRV). This approach is based on the analysis of the distance between the peaks of two consecutive R waves expressed in electrocardiograms. HRV evaluations have been developed and have become more accessible and reliable through technological advances that enable the data collection in a simpler, non-invasive, and reliable way. However, there is little information in the scientific literature on the implementation of this methodology to assess the ANS of preterm infants. In this article, we survey the barriers, potential uses, and other topics regarding the assessment of the ANS in preterm infants using HRV.

Physical Inactivity Is Associated With Increased Levels of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in Brazilians During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To evaluate the levels of anxiety, depression, and stress associated with the practice of physical exercise (PE) during pandemic by COVID-19. Methods: This study has a cross-sectional characteristic and was carried out between May 12 and 14, 2020. An online questionnaire was applied with questions to assess sociodemographic characteristics and physical exercise during the CoVID-19 pandemic, in addition to depression, anxiety, and stress analysis. The study was approved by the local ethics committee (CAAE: 31521720.8.0000.5082). Results: One thousand one hundred and fifty four answered the questionnaire (69.84% female). During the isolation period, the number of participants who declared not to exercise was 54.16%. Women generaly presented higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress when compared to men (p < 0.0001 for all domains). The risk of having increased anxiety were 118% higher (OR = 2.183; 95% CI = 1.717-2.775), the risk of depression was 152% higher (OR = 2.525; 95% CI = 1.991-3.205), and the risk of stress symptoms increased 75.1% (OR = 1.751; 95% CI = 1.386-2.213) in the participants who did not perform PE when compared to those who maintain regular PE. Conclusion: People who was not involved with PE during the COVID-19 pandemic had higher anxiety, depression, and stress scores. Based on this, it seems important to advise people to continue PE, following all the recommendations of preventive measures of the pertinent health organizations.

Evaluation of the autonomic nervous system by analysis of heart rate variability in the preterm infants.

BACKGROUND: Premature infants may present with damage to the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which may be related to poorer neurological development. Among the techniques used to evaluate the ANS, heart rate variability (HRV) emerged as a simple, non-invasive, and easy to apply tool. The aim of the present study was to analyze and compare HRV in preterm infants at different times of hospitalization in order to verify the possible environmental relationships or clinical evolution with HRV. METHODS: A longitudinal, prospective, and descriptive study with non-probabilistic sampling composed of 25 collections of preterm infants of HRV at two moments: moment I (within 15 days of birth) and moment II (after 45 days post-birth). The Polar V800 heart rate monitor was used with the Polar H10 cardiac transducer to collect HRV, which was collected in the supine position for 15 min. The HRV data were analyzed by the linear method in frequency domain and time domain and by the nonlinear method using Kubios HRV analysis software, version 3.0.2. RESULTS: There was an increase in HRV values at moment II, these being statistically significant in the SD1, ApEn, and SampEn. Data related to increased sympathetic nervous system activity, parasympathetic nervous system activity, and increased index complexity. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate an increase in HRV values in premature infants at moment II, demonstrating a possible development in the maturation of the ANS during hospitalization. TRIAL REGISTRATION: RBR-3x7gz8 retrospectively registered.

Tratamento da dor Fantasma em Pacientes Submetidos à Amputação: Revisão de Abordagens Clínicas e de Reabilitação / Phantom Pain Treatment in Pacients Submitted to Amputation: A Review of Clinical and Rehabilitation Approaches

A dor do membro fantasma é uma sequela comumapós uma amputação, sendo de difícil tratamento. Comprometea aquisição de habilidades e a qualidade de vida dosamputados, o que justifica a definição de uma terapêuticaeficaz. Objetivo: Identificar e descrever intervenções clínicase/ou de reabilitação para o tratamento da dor fantasma empessoas submetidas à amputação. Material e Métodos:Revisão estruturada da literatura de artigos publicados nasbases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed e Bireme de 2003 a2014 (salvo literaturas clássicas), foram aceitos artigoscompletos, disponíveis na íntegra e nos idiomas português,inglês ou espanhol. Resultados: Identificou-se setemodalidades distintas de tratamento para dor fantasma, sendoque, dos oito artigos inclusos, dois abordavam a mesmaterapia física. Portanto, as modalidades terapêuticas foramclassificadas em medidas invasivas associadas ou não àterapia farmacológica (quatro artigos) e terapia física (quatroartigos). Todas as modalidades terapêuticas identificadasna revisão: infusão venosa de lidocaína seguida de bloqueioda cadeia simpática torácica, substituição de terapiafarmacológica pelo uso de bomba intratecal de zicotinotide,uso bloqueio ciático contínuo, uso da gabapentina no préoperatório,terapia da caixa espelho, prática de exercíciosorientados e aplicação da corrente Transcutaneous electricalnerve stimulation demonstraram ser benéficas paradiminuição da dor fantasma. Conclusão: Foram identificadasas medidas terapêuticas mais relatas e utilizadas na práticaterapêutica, sendo: terapia medicamentosa, terapia invasivae terapia física, entretanto, não houve consenso na literaturaconsultada sobre a melhor opção terapêutica no tratamentoda dor fantasma...

Phantom limb pain is a common sequel ofamputation and difficult-to-treat condition. It compromises theamputees’ acquisition of skills and quality of life, whichjustifies the establishment of an effective treatment.Objective: To identify and describe the clinical and/orrehabilitation interventions to treat phantom limb pain in patientswho underwent amputations. Material and Methods: Thiswas a literature review of articles published in the electronicdatabases Pubmed and Bireme between 2003 and 2014(except classical literature). We selected complete scientificpapers available in full in Portuguese, English or Spanish.Results: Seven different types of treatment for phantom limbpain were identified. Two out of the eight papers includedaddressed the same physical therapy approach. Therefore,the therapeutic modalities were classified as invasivemeasures associated or not to pharmacological (four articles)and physical therapies (four articles). All therapeuticmodalities identified in the review were proved to be beneficialin ameliorating phantom pain, as follows: intravenous infusionof lidocaine followed by thoracic sympathetic chain blockage;replacement of the pharmacological therapy by a ziconotideintrathecal injection pump; continuous sciatic blockage; useof gabapentin preoperatively; mirror box therapy; practiceorientedexercises; and application of transcutaneouselectrical nerve stimulation. Conclusion: The most frequentlyreported and used therapeutic measures were drug therapy,invasive therapy and physical therapy. However, there wasno consensus in the literature about the best therapeuticoption to treat phantom limb pain...