Three new species of the family Cirolanidae Dana, 1852 (Isopoda, Cymothoida) from the shallow Brazilian bathyal.

Three new species of isopod crustaceans of the family Cirolanidae-Dolicholana ivanyae spec. nov., Natatolana hadassae spec. nov. and Politolana cleoniceae spec. nov.-are described from the shallow waters of the Brazilian bathyal. The specimens were collected from the shallow bathyal zone of the Potiguar Basin, off the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte, from Pernambuco and Bahia, and the Campos Basin, off Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states. Dolicholana ivanyae spec. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by the subrectangular shape of the head, its very long frontal lamina, which surpasses article 2 of the peduncle of antenna 1, and its densely setose pereopod 7. Natatolana hadassae spec. nov. is unique due to the subacute posteroventral angle of epimeron 4, ischial pereopod 3 as produced as those of pereopods 1 and 2, and the distal margin of the pleotelson with 10 robust distal setae. Politolana cleoniceae spec. nov. differs from its congeners based on the combination of the following traits: the pereon-pleon articulation is tight, with pleonite 1 clearly visible, and not covered completely by pereonite 7, while the pleon (in the dorsal-ventral view) is arched in a uniform sequence with the pereon, and the uropodal endopod is shorter than the exopod. In addition to these findings, the known geographical distribution of Dolicholana brucei, which was described recently from Brazil, is extended southward to include Bahia, Brazil. This study increases the number of cirolanid species recorded from Brazilian waters to 23.

New record of Trichopeltarion dextrum (Rathbun, 1898) (Brachyura: Trichopeltariidae) from Brazil.

Trichopeltarion dextrum (Rathbun, 1898) is herein reported from the first time from Northern Brazil. The specimens were captured using the shrimp trawls during the REVIZEE-Score Program. Six specimens, being two males and four females, were examined. The material fits well with diagnostic characters of T. dextrum, but the males have the carapace almost as long as wide, while in the type material, is slightly longer the wide. This is the second species of the genus Trichopeltarion reported from Brazilian waters.

Description of a novel genus with three new species of Phoxocephalidae G. O. Sars, 1891 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from off northeastern Brazil.

Magnaphoxus ajaja gen. et sp. nov., Ma. simplex gen. et sp. nov. and Ma. longicarpus gen. et sp. nov. are described. The material examined was collected off the states of Cear, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia during the projects Avaliao da Biota Bentnica e Planctnica na poro offshore das Bacias Potiguar e Cear (BPOT) and Programa de Avaliao do Potencial Sustentvel de Recursos Vivos na Zona Econmica Exclusiva (REVIZEE). Additionally, material from other surveys off Brazilian northeastern coast is included. The samples were collected by rectangular dredges, box corer and Van Veen grabs, ranging from shallow waters to 168 meters in depth. The new genus is morphologically similar to the genera Grandifoxus Barnard, 1979, Metharpinia Schellenberg, 1931, Microphoxus Barnard, 1960 and Rhepoxynius Barnard, 1979. However, it can be recognized by the exclusive constricted and very broad rostrum and bilobated coxa 6, plus the combination of characters such as: lower lip outer plate with apical cusps; right mandible without lacinia mobilis; pereopods 34 carpus posterior margin with one distal robust long seta; propodus strongly armed with robust setae; uropods 12 peduncle dorsolateral margin combed distally; telson with two apical robust setae on each side. All three new species, are fully described, illustrated, and discussed.

Reef crab population changes after oil spill disaster reach Brazilian tropical environments.

The oil spill that reached Brazilian Coast in 2019 was one of the most extensive disasters and its effects on distinct species are still under investigation. This study evaluated the effects of the oil spill on the crab Pachygrapsus transversus in four reef areas in Northeast of Brazil that are also under different levels of chronic anthropogenic impacts. Changes in population aspects were investigated including maturity, sex ratio, and relative growth considering periods before and after the oil spill. An acute decrease in the number of females captured in areas most affected by oil spill was evident and may be associated with the closure of burrows used for protection. Crabs from the most touristic area presented a decrease in the medium size of carapace and maturation compared to crabs from other less visited areas, which highlights the importance of studying the effects of impacts on marine fauna.

Monogamy in the Burrowing Shrimp Axianassa australis Rodrigues & Shimizu, 1992 (Decapoda, Gebiidea, Axianassidae).

Our knowledge of the mating systems in burrowing shrimps (infraorders Axiidea and Gebiidea) is still rather limited. Here we describe the burrow use pattern, sex ratio, and sexual dimorphism of the burrowing shrimp Axianassa australis to test for monogamy, considering that monogamous species live in heterosexual pairs and exhibit a low degree of sexual dimorphism. To this end, a total of 226 individuals of A. australis were collected from the northeast region of Brazil. Our results showed that A. australis inhabited its burrows mainly as pairs, most of which were male-female pairs. In agreement with the expectations, specimens of A. australis were found dwelling as heterosexual pairs more frequently than expected by chance alone. The presence of ovigerous females was associated with the burrow occupation; that is, brooding females were more frequently observed in male-female combinations than solitarily. Also supporting theoretical considerations, we did not observe sexual dimorphism in body size between males and females of the population and the different categories of the burrow occupation. Conversely, sexual dimorphism in cheliped size was evident in the population, with larger chelipeds in males than in females. This observation agrees with that reported for most burrowing shrimps in which male-male competition is the main evolutionary force of sexual selection. The observations above favor the hypothesis that A. australis is primarily monogamous, with a small fraction of the males moderately promiscuous.

A new species of Pleonexes Spence Bate, 1857 (Amphipoda: Senticaudata: Ampithoidae) from the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago, Equatorial Atlantic, Brazil, with comments on the genus.

A new species of Pleonexes from the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago, northeastern Brazil is described. Pleonexes lowryi sp. nov. is characterized by the slender mandible palp; the gnathopod 2 with large and rounded anterodistal lobe on the basis and strongly oblique palm; the pereopods 3-4 with slightly expanded basis; the uropod 1 peduncle with short and blunt spur; and the telson with subtriangular apex and small subdistal cusp on each side. In addition, based on the literature review, we provide new combinations of some species and a key to Pleonexes species in the world.

Taxonomy of deep-sea shrimps of the Superfamily Oplophoroidea Dana 1852 (Decapoda: Caridea) from Southwestern Atlantic.

In this paper, we provide some available information about the occurrence and some taxonomic aspects of 19 species from the Superfamily Oplophoroidea in the southwestern Atlantic (Brazilian waters), with the update to 22 species of Oplophoroidea occurring in Brazilian waters. Samples were collected during two sets of surveys. The first was performed in 2009 and 2011 in the Potiguar Basin in northeast of Brazil (03-05°S; 38-35°W; between the States of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte) under the framework of the project "Avaliação da biota bentônica e planctônica da Bacia Potiguar e Ceará (Bpot)", with samples collected from bottom trawls in the continental slope at depth ranging from 150-2068 m. Second, under the in the framework of the ABRACOS (Acoustic along the Brazilian coast), performed in 2015 and 2017 on seamounts and offshore areas in Northeast Brazil (Ceará Chain, Rio Grande do Norte and Rocas Atoll, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Pernambuco State), with samples with pelagic micronekton and mesopelagic nets, in depths ranging from 50-1260 m. We highlight the occurrence of 14 species of the family Acanthephyridae and 5 species of the family Oplophoridae, including the first occurrences of five species to Brazilian deep waters: Acanthephyra kingsleyi Spence Bate, 1888, Ephyrina ombango Crosnier Forest, 1973, Meningodora compsa (Chace, 1940), M. longisulca Kikuchi, 1985 and Systellapsis curvispina Crosnier, 1987. These records increase the knowledge on deep-sea shrimps occurring in Southwestern Atlantic.

New records of deep-sea prawn of the genus Gennadas Spence Bate, 1881 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Benthesicymidae) from Southwestern Atlantic.

Here, we report the new occurrences of four deep-water prawn of the genus Gennadas in the southwestern Atlantic: G. gilchristi recorded from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge region; G. capensis recorded from Brazilian waters off Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Atol das Rocas and Ceará Chain; G. talismani and G. scutatus recorded both to Mid-Atlantic Ridge and to Brazilian waters.

New records of the family Crangonidae (Decapoda: Caridea) from Southwestern Atlantic.

The family Crangonidae comprises 22 genera and 219 species. Six species are recorded in the Southwestern Atlantic. In this paper, two species of this family, Pontophilus brevirostris Smith, 1881 and Sabinea hystrix (A. Milne-Edwards, 1881) are recorded for the first time to southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Additionally, we record the occurrence of Parapontocaris caribbaea (Boone, 1927), Parapontophilus gracilis (Smith, 1882) and Philocheras gorei (Dardeau, 1980) to the Northeast of Brazil. Through this paper, we raised the number of Cragonidae species to eight from recorded from southwestern Atlantic (Brazilian deep waters).

A new species of Stephonyx (Amphipoda, Amphilochida, Lysianassoidea) from Brazil.

A new species of Stephonyx Lowry and Stoddart, 1989 from northeastern Brazil is described, the second record of the genus from Brazil. The new Brazilian species is morphologically close to the type species of the genus. In this paper we compare the different descriptions of Stephonyx biscayensis (Chevreux, 1908) and recommend the necessity of a revision, since some described species may or may not be S. biscayensis.

New records of deep-sea shrimps of family Solenoceridae Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata) from Southwestern Atlantic.

This paper reports the occurrence of four deep waters shrimps of the family Solenoceridae in the southwestern Atlantic, Brazil. The rare Hadropenaeus modestus is collected for the second time from Brazilian waters after 138 years, filling the gaps on its distributional pattern. Mesopenaeus tropicalis is a new register for Potiguar basin, although it is common along Brazilian coast. Hymenopenaeus chacei and H. laevis are recorded for the first time in southwestern Atlantic. The records of these species in the southwestern Atlantic are an important advancement to raise the knowledge of the deep-sea shrimps.

First report of two deep-sea shrimps of the genus Acanthephyra A. Milne-Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Acanthephyridae) from southwestern Atlantic.

This paper reports two deep-sea shrimps, Acanthephyra acanthitelsonis and A. armata from southwestern Atlantic waters. The samples were collected in two different moments, the first in the Potiguar Basin, northeast of Brazil (03/05° S; 38/35° W), covering the states of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and Ceará (CE) in the year of 2011, and afterward on Rocas Atoll, located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) (3° 51' S, 033° 49' W; 3° 52' S, 033° 47' W) in the year of 2015. The occurrence of A. acanthitelsonis on Rocas Atoll and A. armata found along the continental slope in the Potiguar Basin, comprising both species, which were recorded for the first time in the southwestern Atlantic. This paper increases the number of Acanthephyra species recorded in Brazilian waters up to six and adds to our knowledge and distribution of deep-sea fauna in the south Atlantic.

Distribution of two species of Nephropsis Wood-Mason, 1872 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Nephropidae) from northeastern Brazil.

The genus Nephropsis Wood-Mason, 1872 has been reported from Brazil by Tavares (1998), Tavares & Young (2002), Silva et al. (2003), Dall´Occo et al. (2007) and Serejo et al. (2007), recording Nephropsis aculeata Smith, 1881, N. rosea Bate, 1888 and N. agassizii A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, the last of which occurs in both northeastern and southeastern of Brazil.

New record of the genus Peramphithoe Conlan & Bousfield, 1982 (Amphipoda: Ampithoidae) from Brazilian coast, with description of a new species.

A new species Peramphithoe conlanae sp. nov. is described from Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Northeast Brazil. The new species is characterized by the morphology of male gnathopod 1 coxa with anteroventral corner acute, palm transverse bearing a robust seta on the palmar corner and dactylus 2 × palm length, gnathopod 2 with propodus oval, palm extremely acute, concave and lacking processes or robust setae, pereopods 5 and 6 with merus and carpus inflated. This paper increases the number of described species in the genus to 22. It is the first record of the genus Peramphithoe from Brazilian waters.

A new species of Ampithoe Leach, 1814 (Senticaudata, Ampithoidae) from Brazilian coast.

In this paper we describe a new species from Brazilian waters, Ampithoe suapensis sp. nov., from Pernambuco State, Brazil. This species is readily separated from its congeners by the following states of characters: mandible with palp slender, with 2 long setae on distal margin of article 3; gnathopod 2 propodus oval with palm densely setose, extremely acute and lacking ornamentation, peduncle of male uropod 1 with a blunt interramal process. Also, a key for the Ampithoe species found in Brazilian waters is provided.

A new species of Dolicholana Bruce, 1986 (Isopoda, Cymothoidea, Cirolanidae), the first record of the genus from the Atlantic Ocean.

The isopod genus Dolicholana Bruce, 1986, previously known only from the Indo-West Pacific, is recorded for the first time from the Atlantic Ocean. A new species, Dolicholana brucei sp. nov., is described from the northeastern Brazilian coast, and is the first record of the genus Dolicholana Bruce, 1986 for the Atlantic Ocean. The material was collected from the upper part of the continental slope off Rio Grande do Norte (150 m depth). The new species is characterized by pereopod 1 propodal palm being crenulate, ischium of pereopod 1 and 2 with a plumose seta on the anterior margin, peduncle of pleopods 3-5 bearing an accessory lobe acute on the distolateral angle, pleotelson posterior margin being rounded, and the uropodal endopod and the exopod apices distally being rounded. A revised key to the genus is provided.