On the bubble-bubbleless ocean continuum and its meaning for the LiDAR equation: LiDAR measurement of underwater bubble properties during storm conditions.

This paper presents the NRL shipboard LiDAR and the first LiDAR dataset of underwater bubbles. The meaning of these LiDAR observations, the algorithms used and their current limitations are discussed. The derivation of the LiDAR multiple scattering regime is derived from the LiDAR observations and theory. The detection of the underwater bubble presence and their depth is straightforward to estimate from the depolarized laser return. This dataset strongly suggest that the whitecaps term in the LiDAR equation formalism needs to be revisited. The retrieval of the fraction of air volume within a given volume of water (void fraction) is possible and the algorithm is stable with a simple ocean backscatter LiDAR system. The accuracy of the void fraction retrieval will increase significantly with future developments.

Modeling enamel matrix secretion in mammalian teeth.

The most mineralized tissue of the mammalian body is tooth enamel. Especially in species with thick enamel, three-dimensional (3D) tomography data has shown that the distribution of enamel varies across the occlusal surface of the tooth crown. Differences in enamel thickness among species and within the tooth crown have been used to examine taxonomic affiliations, life history, and functional properties of teeth. Before becoming fully mineralized, enamel matrix is secreted on the top of a dentine template, and it remains to be explored how matrix thickness is spatially regulated. To provide a predictive framework to examine enamel distribution, we introduce a computational model of enamel matrix secretion that maps the dentine topography to the enamel surface topography. Starting from empirical enamel-dentine junctions, enamel matrix deposition is modeled as a diffusion-limited free boundary problem. Using laboratory microCT and synchrotron tomographic data of pig molars that have markedly different dentine and enamel surface topographies, we show how diffusion-limited matrix deposition accounts for both the process of matrix secretion and the final enamel distribution. Simulations reveal how concave and convex dentine features have distinct effects on enamel surface, thereby explaining why the enamel surface is not a straightforward extrapolation of the dentine template. Human and orangutan molar simulations show that even subtle variation in dentine topography can be mapped to the enamel surface features. Mechanistic models of extracellular matrix deposition can be used to predict occlusal morphologies of teeth.

[The coronary arterial tortuosity in workers of vibro-noisy professions and its role in the ischemic damage of the myocardium].

The article is devoted the study of role of the phenomenon of coronal arterial tortuosity in pathogeny of ischemic heart disease. For 89% patients with a cardiac pain and coronal arterial tortuosity at which at a conservative cardiologic inspection it was not discovered signs of organic defeat of heart and coronal vessels, by the high-specific functional methods of research and stress-tests the presence of cardial ischemia is set. Accordance localization of ischemic areas of myocardium is also exposed to the areas of vascularization by the coronal tortuosity arteries. Among all inspected persons with the coronal arterial tortuosity 21.7% belonged to the group of workers the profession of which is related to the combined action of local vibration and industrial noise.

[The effect of local vibration on central and cerebral hemodynamics]. / Vplyv lokal'noï vibratsiï na tsentral'nu ta tserebral'nu hemodynamiku.

Effects of vibronoise industrial factor on central and peripheral hemodynamics were studied as was the possibility of correction of changes by antagonists in short-action calcium channels. It is shown that 68.9% of those workers under chronic exposure to industrial vibration and noise have hyperkinetic-type blood circulation, 21.3% eukinetic, 9.8% hypokinetic type. Besides, workers exhibit diminution in general cerebral bloodflow presenting with spastic states of great and small arterial vessels. There is noted a length of service-related increase in percentage of persons presenting with eu- and hypokinetic types of circulation and advancing diminution in general cerebral bloodflow with progression of spasm of arterial vessels being recordable. Antagonists of short-action calcium channels have a beneficial effect on central and cerebral hemodynamics.

[Peripheral autonomic insufficiency in workers who sustain the chronic effect of an occupational vibration-noise factor]. / Peryferychna vehetatyvna nedostatnist' u rabitnykiv, iaki zaznaiut' khronichnoho vplyvu profesiinoho vibro-shumovoho faktora.

The development was studied of vegetative disorders in workers under chronic exposure to occupational vibration and noise. In the workmen, the segmentary apparatus of the vegetative nervous system (VNS) gets affected, with the peripheral vegetative insufficiency syndrome being developed. During the early stages of occupational contact with a vibronoise factor there develops an affection of the sympathetic portion of VNS but the longer the service duration the greater is the share of parasympathetic disorders. One of the most efficient ways for preventing a vibronoise affection of VNS are well-done preliminary and regular health checks, observance of sanitary-and-health labour standards, and introduction of innovative technological ways and means designed to offer defence against vibration and noise.

[The effect of the vibration and noise factor on the physical work capacity and autonomic nervous system function of workers in vibration-hazardous jobs]. / Vplyv vibro-shumovoho faktora na fizychnu pratsezdatnost' ta stan vehetatyvnoï nervovoï systemy u robitnykiv vibronebezpechnykh profesii.

An unexampled study was made of the peripheral vegetative incompetence syndrome developing in vibration disease. It is shown that chronic occupational exposure to vibration and noise results in damage to the segmentary apparatus of the vegetative nervous system. Vegetative inadequacies are manifested by impairement of cardiovascular functions. With exposure to vibration and noise, it is the sympathetic portion of the vegetative nervous system that is first affected. The service duration-related progression of the pathological process results in increase of the share of parasympathetic pathology. A change in vegetative regulation adversely affects physical performance in those workers who have come to be exposed to a vibronoise factor over long periods of time.