ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Here we characterized the distribution and the antibiotic resistance of staphylococci from a Brazilian pork production chain. Samples (n = 1,114) from pig farms, pig lots, and slaughterhouses, located in two Brazilian states (Minas Gerais and Paraná), were subjected to coagulase-positive Staphylococcus enumeration. S. aureus isolates (n = 251) from this collection were further characterized for their resistance to oxacillin, cefoxitin, vancomycin, and tetracycline through phenotypic and molecular assays. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus counts from pig farms were higher compared with other samples (P < 0.05). Other counts were relatively low but were present in all production stages. S. aureus isolates were commonly resistant to oxacillin and cefoxitin (54 of 73, 74.0%), qualifying them as methicillin-resistant S. aureus, but PCR assays indicated that few harbored the expected antimicrobial resistance genes (femB, mecA, and mecC). Lower frequencies of vancomycin and tetracycline resistance were found (6.8 to 37.0%). PCR sensitivity (34.5 to 86.7%) and specificity (26.6 to 85.0%) for detection of antibiotic resistance genes varied based on the assessed antibiotic. Antibiotic-resistant staphylococci are widely distributed in the Brazilian pork production chain, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus can become a potential health and economic impediment for the Brazilian pork industry.
Subject(s)
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Pork Meat , Red Meat , Staphylococcal Infections , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Cefoxitin , Coagulase , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Oxacillin/pharmacology , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcus , Staphylococcus aureus , Swine , VancomycinABSTRACT
O presente trabalho teve por objetivos verificar o perfil dos consumidores, a situação da comercialização do leite cru informal e avaliar sua qualidade microbiológica, físico-química e pesquisa de inibidores na cidade de Cafelândia, PR. Entrevistas foram realizadas nas residências de quatro regiões do município durante o período de janeiro a junho de 2011 e amostras de leite cru informal obtidas foram analisadas para verificação da qualidade. Foi observado 23% dos entrevistados como consumidores de leite cru informal. Das amostras analisadas, 65 (97%) estavam em desacordo, sendo 51 (76,1%) para CPP; 21 (31,3%) para CCS; 17 (25,4%) para crioscopia; 14 (20,9%) para o teor de gordura; 40 (59,7%) para alizarol 72% e 30 (44,8%) para acidez titulável fora do limite em vigor para leite cru refrigerado estabelecido pela atual legislação em vigor. Nenhuma amostra apresentou presença de inibidores. Leite ácido e instável (38%) e adição de água (25%) foram as principais alterações encontradas. Concluiu-se que o leite cru informal comercializado possui uma baixa qualidade e oferece um risco financeiro de fraude por adulteração...
The objective of the present study is to assess consumer profile as well as the marketing situation and microbiological and physical-chemical quality of raw milk, as well as the presence of inhibiting substance, in raw milk informally traded in the city of Cafelândia, PR. Interviews were carried out in the households in four regions of the city from January to June 2011, and samples of raw milk were collected and analyzed. It could be observed that 23% of the interviewees were consumers of informally marketed raw milk. From the samples analyzed, 65 (97%) did not comply with the official regulation for refrigerated raw milk: 51 (76.1%) in standard plate count; 21 (31.3%) in SCC; 17 (25.4%) in freezing point; 14 (20.9%) in fat content; 40 (59.7%) in the alizarol test; and 30 (44.8%) in titratable acidity. None of the sample showed the presence of inhibitory substances. Unstable and acid milk (38%) and addition of water (25%) were the main changes observed. It can be concluded that informally marketed raw milk has low quality and is a financial risk due to fraud by adulteration...
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar el perfil de los consumidores, la situación de la comercialización informal de la leche cruda informal y evaluar su calidad microbiológica, fisicoquímica e investigación de inhibidores en la ciudad de Cafelândia, PR. Se han realizado encuestas en las residencias de cuatro regiones de la ciudad durante el período de enero a junio de 2011 y se analizaron muestras de leche cruda informal obtenida para verificación de la calidad. Se observó un 23% de los encuestados como consumidores de leche cruda informal. De las muestras analizadas, 65 (97%) estaban en desacuerdo, siendo 51 (76,1%) para CPP; 21 (31,3%) para CCS; 17 (25,4%) para crioscopía; 14 (20,9%) para el tenor de grasa; 40 (59,7%) para alizarol 72% y 30 (44,8%) para acidez titulable fuera del límite vigente para la leche cruda refrigerada establecido por la legislación vigente. Ninguna muestra presentó presencia de inhibidores. Leche ácido e inestable (38%) y adición de agua (25%) fueron las principales alteraciones encontradas. Se concluyó que la leche cruda informal comercializada tiene baja calidad y ofrece riesgo financiero de fraude por adulteración...
