Digital literacy and farmers' entrepreneurial behavior-Empirical analysis based on CHFS2019 micro data.

Farmers' entrepreneurship is an important engine to comprehensively help promote rural revitalization. Based on data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS2019), this paper empirically examines the effect of digital literacy on farmers' entrepreneurial behavior using the Probit model and instrumental variable method; and examines the mediating role of health status in this effect using the mediation effect model, combined with the Sobel and Bootstrap tests. The results of the study showed that (1) digital literacy positively influenced farmers' entrepreneurial behavior at the 1% significant level, and this positive influence showed some differences across gender and age; (2) health status played a mediating effect in the positive influence of digital literacy on farmers' entrepreneurial behavior. Accordingly, policy recommendations are made to foster farmers' digital literacy, encourage farmers' entrepreneurship, and ensure farmers' "digital health" services.

[Epidemiological, etiological and evolutionary profile of vesico-vaginal fistulas in Senegal]. / Profil épidémiologique, étiologique et évolutif des fistules vésico-vaginales au Sénégal.

AIM: To evaluate the epidemiological, etiological and evolutionary profile of vesico-vaginal fistulas (VVF) in university hospitals in Senegal. PATIENTS AND METHOD: This is a retrospective, descriptive, single-center study, collecting the records of patients followed for VVF between January 2014 and December 2019 at the Urology and Andrology Department of the Centre hospitalier universitaire Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal. The following parameters were studied: age, geographical origin, parity, and etiology of VVF. To assess the evolution of the epidemiological and etiological profile of VVF, we compared our results with those of series published by our structure. RESULTS: Forty-five (45) VVFs were identified over a period of 6 years. This represents an annual average of 7.5 fistulas. The average age was 40±15.13 years with extremes of 13 years and 75 years; 17 patients (37.8%) were older than 45 years. The average parity was 3 with extremes from 0 to 12 children. Multiparous women represented 68.8% of the patients. Obstetric VVF (OVF) was more frequent (48.9%) followed by iatrogenic VVF (33.3%). The mean age was higher in the IVF group compared to the VVF group (32 years) (P = 0.0004). Thirty patients were from the Dakar region and its suburbs (66.6%). The etiology of VVF did not vary according to the geographical origin of the patients (P=NS). VVF was frequently associated with the management of cervical cancer in 42.2% of cases. Comparison of our current data with previous series shows a reduction in the annual incidence of VVF. VVFs, although they have decreased significantly, are still predominant. There is a constant increase in the number of IVF. CONCLUSION: There is an evolution of the epidemiological and etiological profile marked by a decrease in the frequency of VVFs and an increase in that of IVFs. It is also worth noting the frequent association between cervical cancer and VVF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4: retrospective study.

Study on the impact of environmental pollution on farmland abandonment.

Farmland abandonment, as a manifestation of the low efficiency of the rural economy, has a profound impact on the process of agricultural and rural modernization. This study uses the 2016 China Labor Force Dynamic Survey data based on 8116 samples from 104 cities, constructs the Tobit model and IV Tobit model to analyze the land abandonment quantitatively from the perspective of environmental pollution. The results show that (1) environmental pollution can significantly increase the probability and area of land abandonment, (2) there is significant regional heterogeneity in the impact of environmental pollution on land abandonment, (3) the impact of environmental pollution on land abandonment varies significantly with different family sizes and land management scales, but the land management scale is relatively more sensitive. This study provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between environmental pollution and land abandonment in China and provides a basis for formulating relevant policies to strengthen the treatment of environmental pollution to solve the dilemma of land abandonment, which is of great practical significance to sustainable development of rural economy and the guarantee of food security in China.

[Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma: about a case and literature review]. / Rhabdomyosarcome paratesticulaire: à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature.

We here report a case of embryonal paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in a young adult. The purpose of this study is to highlight this uncommon histological type of tumor in this age group, the rapid evolution of the lesion and the challenges of managing it in our context.

Prostate rhabdomyosarcoma in a young adult: Case report and literature review.

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the adult prostate is rare and associated with an aggressive clinical course. Combined modality therapy has resulted in marked improvement in survival rates and reduced surgical morbidity for children with these tumors. However, in adults the prognosis remains poor.We report on a case of prostate rhabdomyosarcoma in an adult approached with combined-modality treatment, with the administration of 9 courses of doxorubicin, vincristine and endoxan, and, subsequent radiotherapy to the prostaticbed. The patient remained free of progression of disease for about 1 year.

[Outcomes of radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer at the Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital]. / La prostatectomie radicale: résultats carcinologiques au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Aristide Le Dantec.

The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer. We conducted a retrospective single-center study in the Department of Urology and Andrology at the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar from June 1, 2010 to May 31, 2016. We collected data of 60 patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy associated with dissection of the iliac and obturator nodes. After radical prostatectomy, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were undetectable (<0.1 ng/mL) in 20 patients (33.3%). Eleven patients (18.3%), who had biochemical relapse, received complementary hormone therapy. Patients achieved a response after initiation of treatment, and total PSA became undetectable again after an 8-month follow-up period. Mean overall survival was 17.5 months, with a median of 9.49. Cumulative overall survival rates at 1 year, 3 years and 4 years were 42.4, 13.6 and 6.8%, respectively. Mean relapse-free survival was 17.3 months, with a median biochemical relapse-free survival of eleven (11) months. The mean duration of specific survival was 8.1 months, with a median of 3 months. Seven patients had positive resection margins (11.6%). Four patients had lymph node involvement. Radical prostatectomy, suggested in some patients with prostate cancer in our practice, has been shown to be an effective therapeutic method leading to good outcomes.

[Results of two-level urethroplasty according to Bengt Johanson for complex urethral strictures in adults]. / Resultats de l'uretroplastie en deux temps selon Bengt Johanson pour les stenoses uretrales complexes de l'adulte.

AIM: to evaluate the results of two-level urethroplasty in the treatment of complex urethral strictures in our clinical center. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Thiswas a retrospective cross sectional study from January 2012 to September 2015 in our clinical center. Patients operated according to Bengt Johanson technique were included. The parameters studied were age, the urological history, consultation reasons, duration of evolution, stenosis characteristics and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: twelve patients were enrolled in our study. The mean age was 48 ± 20 years. The main reason consultation reason is urine retention. The mean duration of evolution was 30 ± 25 months. The most common etiology identified was scleroinflammatory one . All the patients already had at least one medical background. The physical examination showed a periurethral gangue in 10 patients. The mean length of the urethral stricture was 6.3 ± 2.2 cm. After an average follow-up of 3.8 ± 2.3 months; the treatment outcomes were considered satisfactory in 8 patients and bad in 4 patients. CONCLUSION: Bengt Johanson's two level urethoplasty gives good outcomes in the treatment of complex urethral strictures.

OBJECTIF: évaluer les résultats de l'urétroplastie en deux temps dans le traitement des sténoses urétrales complexes dans notre centre. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective entre Janvier 2012 et Septembre 2015 dans notre centre. Les patients opérés selon la technique de Bengt Johanson ont été inclus. Les paramètres étudiés étaient l'âge, les antécédents urologiques, les motifs de consultations, la durée d'évolution, les caractéristiques de la sténose et les résultats du traitement. RÉSULTATS: douze patients étaient inclus. L'âge moyen était de 48±20 ans. Le principal motif de consultation était la rétention d'urine. La durée moyenne d'évolution était de 30± 25 mois. L'étiologie la plus fréquente était celle d'origine scléro-inflammatoire. Tous les patients avaient déjà eu au moins un antécédent. L'examen physique avait objectivé une gangue péri-urétrale chez 10 patients. La longueur moyenne de la sténose urétrale était de 6,3 ± 2,2 cm. Après un recul moyen de 3,8 ± 2,3 mois ; les résultats étaient jugés bons chez 8 patients et mauvais chez 4 patients. CONCLUSION: L'urétroplastie en deux selon Bengt Johanson donne de bons résultats dans le traitement des sténoses urétrales complexes.

Unusual Presentation of Priapism Associated with Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Two Patients: Emergency Management.

Priapism is a rare urological emergency. It is rarely a telltale sign of myeloid leukemia. We report two cases of acute myeloid leukemia in a child and chronic myeloid leukemia in a young adult presenting with priapism. Puncture irrigation of the corpora cavernosa followed by systemic treatment to lower the hyperviscosity of the blood due to leukemia provided optimal outcome. Prompt emergency management is required to lower the complication of erectile dysfunction.

Impact of tumor cytoreduction in metastatic prostate cancer.

Objective: To assess the impact of tumor cytoreduction on cancer outcomes and patient survival in metastatic prostate cancer. Patients and methods: It is a prospective study spanning a two-year period between October 1st 2015 and March 31st 2017. We enrolled 102 cases of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Fifty-seven (57) patients had exclusively androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (group 1) and 45 had, in addition, an open prostatectomy or Transurethral resection of the Prostate (group 2). We compared both groups using the total PSA nadir, the time to PSA nadir, the overall survival (OS), and the progression-free survival (PFS). Results: The average nadir PSA was lower for the tumor cytoreduction group (16.8±1.6 ng/mL (0.01-193.5) versus 110.7±17.9 ng/mL (0.01-1379)). Median time to PSA nadir was shorter in patients in the ADT only group (8 months vs 3 months (p=0.025)). The OS was shorter in patients treated with ADT only compared to the tumor cytoreduction group (median 14 months vs 24 months, respectively (p=0.03)). Similarly, tumor cytoreduction had a positive impact on patient progression (median PFS 20 months (group 1) vs 43 months (group 2)). Conclusion: Tumor cytoreduction has a positive impact on the oncological results and the survival of patients under ADT.

[Penile strangulation: about two patients living in rural areas]. / Strangulation du pénis: à propos de deux cas en milieu rural.

Penile strangulation is a clinical condition requiring emergency management. Several metallic or non-metallic objects can be placed around the penis to improve sexual performance or for auto-erotic purposes. We report the case of two schizophrenic patients aged 25 and 33years hospitalized in the Emergency Department due to penile strangulation by metal ring. The ring was placed at the level of the glans foreskin groove 3 days before in one case and at the level of the root of penis 2 days before in the other. There was no urinary disorder in both patients. Ring ablation was performed with taxis under local anesthesia in one case and under sedation followed by double ring section using an electric saw in the other case.

Di-chlorido-dimethyl-bis-(thio-urea-κS)tin(IV).

The title compound, [Sn(CH3)2Cl2(CH4N2S)2], crystallizes with two half-mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. Both mol-ecules are completed by inversion symmetry with the two Sn(IV) atoms located on inversion centers. The metal atoms have distorted octa-hedral coordination environments defined by two Cl atoms, two C atoms of methyl groups and two thio-urea S atoms. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via N-H⋯Cl and N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional structure.

Di-chlorido-diphenyl-bis-(thio-urea-κS)tin(IV).

The title compound, [Sn(C6H5)2Cl2(CH4N2S)2], has been obtained from the reaction between Sn(C6H5)2Cl2 and SC(NH2)2. The asymmetric unit consists of one half of the mol-ecular unit, the remainder generated by a twofold rotation axis located along the Cl-Sn-Cl bonds. The Sn(IV) atom is coordinated by two phenyl groups, two Cl atoms and two thio-urea ligands in an all trans octa-hedral C2Cl2S2 environment. Individual mol-ecules are connected through N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, leading to a three-dimensional network structure. Intra-molecular N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds are also present.

Tetra-methyl-ammonium aqua-trichlorido-oxalatostannate(IV) monohydrate.

The Sn(IV) atom in the title compound, [(CH(3))(4)N][Sn(C(2)O(4))Cl(3)(H(2)O)]·H(2)O, obtained from the reaction between SnCl(4) and [(CH(3))(4)N](2)C(2)O(4)·2H(2)O, is six-coordinated by three Cl atoms, an O atom of a water mol-ecule and two O atoms from an asymmetrically chelating oxalate anion. The environment around the Sn(IV) atom is distorted octa-hedral. The anions are connected by the lattice water mol-ecule through O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, leading to a layered structure parallel to (010). The cations are located between these layers and besides Coulombic forces are connected to the anionic layers through weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl inter-actions.

Dimethyl-ammonium dichloridotriphenyl-stannate(IV).

The title salt, [(CH(3))(2)NH(2)][Sn(C(6)H(5))(3)Cl(2)], was obtained as a by-product of the reaction between bis-(dimethyl-ammonium) oxalate and triphenyl-tin chloride. In the stannate anion, the trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environment of the Sn(IV) atom is defined by the phenyl groups in equatorial and the Cl atoms in axial positions. The cations are connected to adjacent anions through N-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯Cl hydrogen-bonding inter-actions, leading to a chain motif parallel to [100].

Di-µ-hydroxido-bis-[dimeth-yl(thio-cyanato-κN)tin(IV)].

The Sn(IV) atom in the centrosymmetric title complex, [Sn2(CH3)4(NCS)2(OH)2], adopts a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environment defined by two methyl C atoms and one bridging hydroxide group in the equatorial plane while the other bridging hydroxide group and the N atom of the thio-cyanate anion are in the apical >positions. The dinuclear species are linked through O-H⋯S and C-H⋯ S hydrogen-bonding inter-actions into a three-dimensional network.

µ(2)-Oxalato-bis-[triphen-yl(thio-urea-κS)tin(IV)].

The asymmetric unit of the binuclear title compound, [Sn(2)(C(2)O(4))(C(6)H(5))(6)(CH(4)N(2)S)(2)], consists of one half of the organotin(IV) mol-ecule. The remainder is generated by a twofold rotation axis passing through the mid-point of the oxalate C-C bond. The Sn(IV) atom exhibits a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environment with the phenyl groups in equatorial positions and the thio-urea and the monodentately bridging oxalate anion in axial positions. The mol-ecules are linked through N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the amino group of the thio-urea ligand and the uncoordinating oxalate O atoms, forming layers parallel to (001). Weak C-H⋯O inter-actions are also present.

Etiology and current clinical characteristics of male urethral stricture disease: experience from a public teaching hospital in Senegal.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the etiology and current clinical characteristics of male urethral stricture disease (USD) in Senegal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective and mono-centric study over a 10-year period (between January 1999 and December 2008) was carried out and included all male patients with USD admitted to the Urology Department of Aristide Le-Dantec Hospital (Dakar). RESULTS: We recorded 414 USD cases. The maximum annual incidence was observed in 2004, and from then, the incidence tended to decrease gradually. The mean age of patients was 43.7 ± 19.6 years (1-89 years), and 43% of patients were younger than 40 years old. The mean time from symptoms onset to the consultation was 20.1 ± 24.9 months (1-120 months). Most patients (42.2%) were admitted because they suffered dysuria. In 57.8% of patients, USD was diagnosed with complications. The most common site of stricture was at the bulbar urethra (72.7%). The length of the urethral stricture was smaller than 1 cm in 59.6% of patients, between 1 and 3 cm in 28.5% and between 3 and 5 cm in 7.7%. The stricture was longer than 5 cm in eight patients and was staged (multifocal) in nine patients. The etiology of urethral stricture was infectious in 63% of patients, traumatic in 13.7% and iatrogenic in 8.2%. The etiology was not identified in 14.9% of cases. The infectious etiology was urethritis in 259 cases and urogenital schistosomiasis in 12 cases. A study of the etiology according to stricture site showed that bulbar USD was infectious in 77.7% of cases and that all membranous USD cases were traumatic. CONCLUSION: Male urethral stricture in Senegal is often a sequela of gonococcal urethritis and is frequently detected because of infectious complications such as gangrene of the genitalia or urinary tract infections. Its prevention in this geographical region thus requires fighting against sexually transmitted infections and treating appropriately and effectively all urethritis.