[Modern possibilities for transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement]. / Sovremennye vozmozhnosti transkateternogo protezirovaniya klapana legochnoi arterii.

The literature review is devoted to transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement. The authors summarize the indications, clinical data and current capabilities of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement. The authors also overviewed modern valves for transcatheter pulmonary artery replacement. Effectiveness of transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation has been substantiated. Various studies comparing the outcomes of different valve systems for endovascular implantation were analyzed. The authors concluded the prospects for transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation.

[Early and long-term results after the Norwood procedure]. / Rannie i otdalennye rezul'taty posle protsedury Norvud.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the early and long-term results after the Norwood procedure and to identify predictors of aortic recoarctation and arterial hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have operated on 2789 infants in the department of congenital heart diseases of the Meshalkin National Medical Research Center between January 2015 and December 2018. The current single-center prospective cohort study included 39 (1.4%) patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent the Norwood procedure. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was 15.3% (n=6). An inter-stage mortality was 10.2% (n=4). Recoarctation of the aorta and Sano shunt stenosis in inter-stage period occurred in 8 (24.2%) and 4 patients (12.1%), respectively. Body mass <3 kg was the only risk factor of recoarctation (OR 7.08, 95% CI 1.17; 42.79, p=0.033). We found no risk factors of Sano shunt stenosis. There were no signs of recoarctation and Sano shunt dysfunction in the early postoperative period. Arterial hypertension developed in 14 (48.3%) patients. We found the correlation between systolic blood pressure and ventricular ejection fraction (ß coefficient -0.88, 95% CI -1.33; -0.44, p=0.001). The only risk factor of arterial hypertension was increased stiffness of the aorta. CONCLUSION: The early and inter-stage mortality are still the issues after the Norwood procedure. Postoperative reduced ejection fraction of single ventricle is one of the most common complications that could be related with residual arterial hypertension.

Clinical Assessment of Perfusion Techniques During Surgical Repair of Coarctation of Aorta With Aortic Arch Hypoplasia in Neonates: A Pilot Prospective Randomized Study.

We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of 3 perfusion methods primarily used in aortic arch reconstruction in infants, namely, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, and double arterial cannulation. Forty-five infants with aortic arch obstruction and biventricular anatomy were enrolled in this pilot prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT02835703). Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups according to the perfusion strategy (deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, n = 15; selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, n = 15; double arterial cannulation, n = 15). The primary composite endpoint was the incidence of adverse events in the early postoperative period (acute kidney injury [KDIGO criteria], new brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and in-hospital mortality). The secondary endpoints were intensive care unit length of stay, vasoactive-inotropic score index, and cardiopulmonary bypass duration. All patients underwent aortic arch reconstruction under cardiopulmonary bypass and were monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy during surgery. No significant differences in the baseline characteristics and cardiopulmonary bypass duration were observed among the groups. The incidence of unfavorable events was lower in the double arterial cannulation group (P = 0.041). Acute kidney injury was observed in 8, 6, and 5 patients from the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, and double arterial cannulation groups, respectively (P = 0.64). Twelve patients from the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group had new brain MRI findings (P = 0.019). There were 5 in-hospital deaths with no significant difference among the groups (P = 0.70). The "head" and "lumbar" values on near-infrared spectroscopy during aortic arch reconstruction were significantly higher in the selective antegrade cerebral perfusion and double arterial cannulation groups than in the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group. Patients in the double arterial cannulation group had a significantly lower vasoactive-inotropic score index 24 hours postoperatively than the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group (P = 0.03). Vasoactive-inotropic score index >12 was found to be a risk factor for acute kidney injury and early mortality. Continuous regional perfusion during aortic arch reconstruction decreases the risk of new brain MRI findings in infants and the need for postoperative inotropic support. Although values of near-infrared spectroscopy during the procedure were significantly higher with continuous perfusion strategies, these methods do not reduce the acute kidney injury incidence compared to that with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Double arterial cannulation significantly reduces the need for inotropic support.

[Thoracoscopic clipping of patent ductus arteriosus: position of surgery in the era of transcatheter procedures]. / Torakoskopicheskoe klipirovanie otkrytogo arterial'nogo protoka: mesto khirurgii v épokhu transkateternykh tekhnologii.

AIM: To describe single-center evolution of the procedure and to evaluate the results of thoracoscopic clipping of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with diameter over 3,0 mm in term infants weighting over 4,0 kg. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thoracoscopic clipping of PDA has been performed in 140 patients for the period from March 2012 to March 2018 in Meshalkin National Medical Research Center. Mean age was 4.0 years (range 3 months - 13 years), mean body mass index - 15.4±2.2 kg/m2. INCLUSION CRITERIA: PDA size 3.5-10 mm, Qp/Qs >1,3/1,0, weight 4.0-40 kg. Mean PDA size was 4.6±0.9 mm (range 3.5-8.0 mm), mean pulmonary artery pressure - 34.3±5.8 mm Hg, mean systemic/pulmonary flow Qp/Qs - 1.6±0.3. All patients underwent successful PDA closure through four-port technique under endotracheal general anesthesia and no need for pleural drainage. RESULTS: Mean procedure time was 24.5±15.5 min. In 29 (20,7%) cases we used titanium clips, in 11 (79.3%) - polymer locking ligating clips. There was 1 conversion to mini-thoracotomy. There were no deaths, bleeding or any other life-threatening complications. 94 (67.1%) patients were weaned from ventilator within operating theatre, in other 46 (32.9%) patients mean ventilation time in ICU was 1.3±1.0 hours. In-hospital postoperative complications: pneumothorax - 2 (1.4%) cases, recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction - 1 (0.7%), false croup - 1 (0.7%). There were 2 residual leakages in 2 (1.4%) patients in 10 and 6 months after titanium clip deployment. Both of them underwent transcatheter closure using the coil. Considering these cases all following patients underwent PDA closure by polymer locking ligating clips with no cases of residual leakage. CONCLUSION: Thoracoscopic PDA closure by polymer locking ligating clip is safe and effective technique for surgical management of PDA with diameter over 3.0 mm in term infants weighting over 4.0 kg.

[Fatal renal and neurological complications after aortic arch repair in newborns]. / Fatal'nye pochechnye i nevrologicheskie oslozhneniia posle rekonstruktsii dugi aorty u novorozhdennykh.

AIM: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of various methods of cerebral and visceral protection during aortic arch surgery in infants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis included 60 patients after aortic arch repair followed by different cerebral protection technique who have been assessed for neurological status and visceral injury in early and long-term postoperative period. Aortic arch surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for congenital diseases was performed in 26 patients (group 1) and antegrade unilateral selective cerebral perfusion in 34 patients (group 2). RESULTS: Cerebral complications occurred in 28.5% of patients of the 1st group and in 7.9% of patients of the 2nd group. CONCLUSION: Odds ratio for neurological event is significantly lower in group 2: 0.17 (0.06-0.69; p=0.02). However, there were more patients with renal dysfunction in this group compared with group 1: 58.7% vs. 23.7% (p=0.02).

[Diverticula and Congenital Aneurysms of the Left Ventricle: Anatomical Features, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation and Treatment Strategy].

Congenital aneurysms and diverticula of the left ventricle represent a rare group of anomalies in the spectrum of congenital heart disease. Although natural histories of these anomalies are considerably different and characterized by different rates of lifethreatening events, similarity of their clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria do not allow to differentiate this anomalies at routine examination. Data on etiology, methods of diagnosis and treatment published by various authors is controversial. In this review we present relevant aspects of etiology, pathophysiology and treatment strategy of patients with left ventricular diverticula and congenital aneurysms.

Endoventriculoplasty of the Left Ventricle for Congenital Diverticulum.

Congenital left ventricular diverticulum is an extremely rare heart defect. Here, we report a case of successful endoventriculoplasty using a Dacron patch in an infant who was followed up for one year.