Valores de referencia del ángulo de balance escapular en población sana / Scapular balance angle reference values in a healthy population

Objetivos. Calcular los valores de referencia del ángulo de balance escapular (ABE) en la población sana entre 18 y 85 años de edad, y definir los criterios muestrales de anormalidad para esta muestra. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo-transversal en un total de 300 individuos (edad promedio: 44,83; rango: 18-83; proporción mujer/varón: 1,59), calculándose el ABE mediante la medición manual con goniómetro. Se obtuvo un valor de coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) intraobservador de 0,87 y un valor de CCI interobservador de 0,84. Resultados. Los valores para población sana del ABE fueron de 2,505 ± 2,340°. Se define el criterio de anormalidad muestral con un ángulo mayor a 7,185°. Discusión. La medición manual del ABE es una técnica sencilla y reproducible en la práctica clínica diaria para la evaluación general de la posición y la rotación de la escápula. El principal hallazgo de este estudio son los valores de referencia para el ABE y el punto de corte estadístico para definir anormalidad (AU)

Objectives. To calculate the Scapular Balance Angle (SBA) reference values in a healthy population between 18 and 85 years old, and to define abnormality criteria for this sample. Materials and methods. A descriptive study was conducted on a total of 300 individuals (mean age: 44.83, range: 18-83; proportion male/female: 1.59), calculating the SBA through manual measurement with a goniometer. An intraobserver Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.87 and a interobserver ICC of 0.84 was observed. Results. The values for the SBA in healthy population were 2.505±2.340°. We define the abnormality criteria for this sample with an angle greater than 7.185°. Discussion. SBA manual measurement is a simple and reproducible assessment of the position and rotation of the scapula in clinical practice. The main findings of this study are the reference values for the SBA and a statistical cut-off to define abnormality (AU)

[Scapular balance angle reference values in a healthy population]. / Valores de referencia del ángulo de balance escapular en población sana.

OBJECTIVES: To calculate the Scapular Balance Angle (SBA) reference values in a healthy population between 18 and 85 years old, and to define abnormality criteria for this sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted on a total of 300 individuals (mean age: 44.83, range: 18-83; proportion male/female: 1.59), calculating the SBA through manual measurement with a goniometer. An intraobserver Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.87 and a interobserver ICC of 0.84 was observed. RESULTS: The values for the SBA in healthy population were 2.505 ± 2.340°. We define the abnormality criteria for this sample with an angle greater than 7.185°. DISCUSSION: SBA manual measurement is a simple and reproducible assessment of the position and rotation of the scapula in clinical practice. The main findings of this study are the reference values for the SBA and a statistical cut-off to define abnormality.

Evaluating the delivery of nebulized and metered-dose inhalers in an in vitro infant ventilator lung model.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate drug delivery to the lungs of nebulized and metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) in an in vitro infant lung model. METHODS: An in vitro lung model was modified to study drug delivery. A 1000 mL intravenous bag filled with 500 mL deionized water was attached to a 3.5 mm (12 cm length) endotracheal tube. An inline Marquest Whisper Jet infant circuit nebulizer system delivered 2.5 mg/3 mL albuterol sulfate inhalation solution (Ventolin nebules) at a flow rate of 5 L/min. An Aerochamber (Monaghan) was placed at the endotracheal tube for the delivery of the MDIs. Albuterol MDI (Ventolin) 10 inhalations and beclomethasone MDI (Beclovent) 20 inhalations were delivered. A Servo 900C (Siemens-Elma) was used at the following ventilator settings: positive inspiratory pressure 30 cm H2O), intermittent mandatory ventilation 40 breaths/min, positive end expiratory pressure 4 cm H2O, inspiratory time 0.4 sec. Each formulation was run at least 10 times and assayed in duplicate by HPLC. An unpaired Student's t-test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the data. RESULTS: There was a significantly greater percentage of drug delivery with MDI albuterol (1.96 +/- 0.50) as compared with nebulized albuterol (1.26 +/- 0.37) (p = 0.002) or beclomethasone diproprionate (0.51 +/- 0.24) (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Albuterol MDI provides a more efficient delivery of drug to the lung as compared with nebulized albuterol and MDI beclomethasone diproprionate.

[Analysis of 1017 large intestine adenocarcinomas resected in 978 patients]. / Análisis de 1.017 adenocarcinomas del intestino grueso resecados en 978 pacientes.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal carcinoma is the fifth cause of cancer deaths among women and the sixth among men. AIM: To retrospectively analyze the distribution by sex, age, localization and the pathologic features of resected large bowel adenocarcinomas at a surgical service. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All biopsy reports of resected large bowel carcinomas between 1959 and 1995 were analyzed. Twenty six reports were discarded. Available histological slides were re-examined. RESULTS: Twenty five cases (2.5%) had two synchronous tumors and 14 subjects (1.4%) had two different resections due to cancer (metachronic tumors). Sixty percent of tumors were located in the rectum and sigmoid, 74% were well differentiated, 17% poorly differentiated. Mucinous and signet ring cell variants were found in younger subjects and in 5.1% and 2.3% of all patients respectively. Eighty four percent of tumors were beyond the muscularis at the moment of resection and 38% had lymph node metastasis. Comparing the 1959-1979 with the 1980-1995 period, the mean age of patients increased from 60 to 65 years old and rectal cancer frequency decreased from 37.8 to 25.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Colorectal carcinoma is still diagnosed at an advanced stages and the changes of the natural history of the disease observed in the two analyzed periods are similar to those reported in USA and Colombia.