Subject(s)
Illusions , Motion Perception , Sound Localization , Acoustic Stimulation , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Psychoacoustics , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Previous work suggests sons of alcoholics (SOAs) report greater hangover symptoms than do sons of nonalcoholics (SONAs) (Newlin & Pretorious, 1990; McCaul, Turkkan, Svilis, & Bigelow, 1991). This study sought to replicate this work and examine the relation between personality risk for alcoholism and hangover. Twenty SOAs and 20 SONAs completed the MacAndrew scale as an index of personality risk for alcoholism. They also completed the McCaul et al. (1991) and Newlin and Pretorious (1990) assessments of hangover after consuming a placebo in one session and alcohol (0.5 g/kg) in two subsequent consecutive sessions. The MacAndrew scale did not covary with hangover. Data revealed main effects for familial risk for both hangover questionnaires. SOAs reported significantly greater hangover symptoms than did SONAs. Individuals at elevated familial risk for alcoholism reportedly experienced more acute withdrawal and hangover, which might contribute to the development of problem drinking.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking , Alcoholism/etiology , Child of Impaired Parents , Family Health , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/physiopathology , Adult , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking/blood , Alcoholism/physiopathology , Analysis of Variance , Case-Control Studies , Disease Susceptibility/physiopathology , Disease Susceptibility/psychology , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/psychologyABSTRACT
Previous research reveals an inconsistent link between hyperactivity and drinking (Weiss and Hechtman, 1993). This study sought to investigate whether cognitive functioning moderates the relation between these two variables. One hundred participants completed three measures of drinking habits, two measures of hyperactivity, and four measures of cognitive functioning. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a three-factor model of hyperactivity, cognitive functioning, and drinking habits provided an excellent fit to the data. Stacked two-group analyses revealed that cognitive functioning moderated the association between hyperactivity and drinking habits. Drinking habits and hyperactivity correlated 0.408 (p < 0.05) for individuals low on cognitive performance; the correlation between these constructs was only 0.120 (NS) for individuals high on cognitive performance. Higher levels of cognitive functioning may buffer individuals from drinking alcohol in accordance with their hyperactive symptoms.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Cognition/physiology , Hyperkinesis/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Psychological , Neuropsychological Tests , Visual Perception/physiologyABSTRACT
Previously, it was shown that the minimum conditions for the illusion of auditory apparent motion (AAM) depend on stimulus timing but not spatial separation. In the present experiment, the effects of stimulus timing and source separation on the perceived velocity of AAM were examined. Eight listeners estimated the velocity, duration, and distance traveled of AAM, using a no-modulus, magnitude estimation procedure. Four burst durations (25, 50, 100, and 300 msec), 10 stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs; 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 msec) and two separations (10 degrees and 40 degrees) were tested. Perceived velocity estimates were related to the total duration (burst duration + SOA) of the stimulus sequence. The effect of separation on velocity was extremely small but statistically significant. These results are similar to those obtained previously on the minimum conditions for AAM. Duration estimates were related only to total duration, but separation estimates were related to both separation and total duration. These results suggest that velocity is possibly a primary dimension of AAM that is independent of source separation.
