ABSTRACT
The authors conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between anxiety symptoms and cortical thickness, as well as amygdalar volume. A total of 1,505 cognitively normal participants, aged ≥70 years, were recruited from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging in Olmsted County, Minnesota, on whom Beck Anxiety Inventory and 3T brain MRI data were available. Even though the effect sizes were small in this community-dwelling group of participants, anxiety symptoms were associated with reduced global cortical thickness and reduced thickness within the frontal and temporal cortex. However, after additionally adjusting for comorbid depressive symptoms, only the association between anxiety symptoms and reduced insular thickness remained significant.
Subject(s)
Aging/pathology , Aging/psychology , Anxiety/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Aged , Anxiety/epidemiology , Apolipoprotein E4/genetics , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/diagnostic imaging , Depression/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Minnesota/epidemiology , Organ Size , Psychiatric Status Rating ScalesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the timing (mid- vs late life) of physical activity, apolipoprotein (APO)E ε4, and risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (Olmsted County, MN). PARTICIPANTS: Cognitively normal elderly adults (N = 1,830, median age 78, 50.2% female). MEASUREMENTS: Light, moderate, and vigorous physical activities in mid- and late life were assessed using a validated questionnaire. An expert consensus panel measured MCI based on published criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with age as a time scale after adjusting for sex, education, medical comorbidity, and depression. RESULTS: Light (HR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43-0.79) and vigorous (HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63-0.97) physical activity in midlife were associated with lower risk of incident MCI. The association between moderate activity and incident MCI was not significant (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.67-1.09). In late life, light (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.58-0.97) and moderate (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.66-0.99) but not vigorous physical activity were associated with lower risk of incident MCI. A synergistic interaction was also observed between mid- and late-life activity in reducing risk of incident MCI. Furthermore, APOE ε4 carriers who did not exercise had a higher risk of incident MCI than noncarriers who reported physical activity. CONCLUSION: Physical activity reduced the risk of incident MCI. Exercising in mid- and late life had an additive synergistic interaction in reducing the risk of MCI.
