ABSTRACT
The environments where people live, learn, work and play have a profound influence on health. Policies affecting physical activity, access to healthy foods, and the prevalence of tobacco products in our neighbourhoods can either promote or discourage behaviour associated with cancer and other chronic diseases. Given the regulatory landscape in the USA, where federal law controls venues with the widest possible scope (such as television and the Internet), states and cities have tremendous latitude in regulating the physical environments that residents experience every day. This paper explores innovative and meaningful ways to improve public health through policy initiatives targeted specifically at places such as homes and neighbourhoods, schools, shops, restaurants, bars and recreational areas.
Subject(s)
Health Behavior , Policy Making , Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Policy , Choice Behavior , Commerce , Diet , Environment Design , Exercise , Humans , Legislation as Topic/trends , Recreation , Restaurants , Schools , United StatesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of normally achieving and language-impaired adolescents to comprehend linguistic humor in a decontextualized situation. A classification scheme was used to describe 10 elements of linguistic humor. Riddles, jokes, and puns used as stimulus materials were classified and placed into one of the 10 linguistic categories. The categories were arranged according to the lexical, phonological, morphological, or syntactic element on which each humor item could be based. The two groups of subjects were 12 normally achieving and 12 language-impaired high school students from Grades 9-12. As expected, the language-impaired group had significantly poorer comprehension of the humor elements than the normally achieving group. Especially poor were their ability to grasp the nature of multimeaning words and their ability to segment and redefine phonological strings. The use of this classification scheme for developing strategies for assessment and intervention activities that involve linguistic-based humor is discussed.
Subject(s)
Language Disorders/psychology , Wit and Humor as Topic , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , MaleABSTRACT
This study explored the effect of naturally occurring interactions of syllable stress and serial positions, found in polysyllabic words, on the variability of phonological performance of speech-delayed children. The subjects were 8 mild to moderately delayed children between the ages of 5:2 and 6:11 with a mean age of 6:0. Continuous speech samples and nonimitated productions of polysyllabic single-word utterances were recorded and analyzed for each child. Two phonological processes (syllable deletion and intervocalic consonant deletion) were related to specific syllable context conditions. Increased process use in syllables of reduced stress occurring early in a sequence was predicted by the production patterns of young children initially learning to say words. Syllables with reduced stress also were found to be associated frequently with atypical error productions.
Subject(s)
Phonation , Phonetics , Speech Disorders , Voice , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Speech Disorders/diagnosisSubject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Empyema , Tuberculosis, PleuralABSTRACT
En una serie de 14 perros y en otra de 15 pacientes fueron practicadas resecciones pulmonares empleando sutura mecanica automatica bronquial con el instrumento TA 30, que instala una doble hilera de agrafes metalicos antes de la seccion del bronquio. En los animales se estudio el proceso de cicatrizacion del munon y se reconocio su menor componente inflamatorio con respecto a otras series en que se emplearon puntos con hilos de distintos materiales. A los pacientes operados por variada patologia se les realizaron tanto lobectomias como neumonectomias. Excepto el alto costo relativo del instrumento y de sus repuestos, y la imposibilidad de usarlo en casos de tumores hiliares muy proximos a la carina, no encontramos objeciones a la sutura mecanica automatica. En cambio, reconocemos como ventajas que reduce el tiempo operatorio y que, al no abrirse el bronquio previamente a la sutura, no se comunica su luz con la cavidad pleural. Debido a ello, se evitam los inconvenientes que puede ocasionar este ultimo hecho, habitual en el curso de la sutura manual: hipoventilacion, entrada de sangre al lobulo restante o pulmon contralateral y contaminacion de la pleura por secreciones potencialmente patogenas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Animals , Dogs , Bronchi , Pneumonectomy , Surgical Staplers , SuturesABSTRACT
En una serie de 14 perros y en otra de 15 pacientes fueron practicadas resecciones pulmonares empleando sutura mecanica automatica bronquial con el instrumento TA 30, que instala una doble hilera de agrafes metalicos antes de la seccion del bronquio. En los animales se estudio el proceso de cicatrizacion del munon y se reconocio su menor componente inflamatorio con respecto a otras series en que se emplearon puntos con hilos de distintos materiales. A los pacientes operados por variada patologia se les realizaron tanto lobectomias como neumonectomias. Excepto el alto costo relativo del instrumento y de sus repuestos, y la imposibilidad de usarlo en casos de tumores hiliares muy proximos a la carina, no encontramos objeciones a la sutura mecanica automatica. En cambio, reconocemos como ventajas que reduce el tiempo operatorio y que, al no abrirse el bronquio previamente a la sutura, no se comunica su luz con la cavidad pleural. Debido a ello, se evitam los inconvenientes que puede ocasionar este ultimo hecho, habitual en el curso de la sutura manual: hipoventilacion, entrada de sangre al lobulo restante o pulmon contralateral y contaminacion de la pleura por secreciones potencialmente patogenas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Animals , Dogs , Bronchi , Surgical Staplers , Pneumonectomy , SuturesSubject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Empyema , Tuberculosis, PleuralSubject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Esophageal Neoplasms , Dinitrochlorobenzene , Lymphocytes , Skin TestsSubject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Immunocompetence , Lung Neoplasms , DinitrochlorobenzeneABSTRACT
Se presentan 37 casos de neoplasias multiples. En cada paciente, por lo menos una de ellas estaba radicada en el pulmon. Un grupo de enfermos padecieron 2 canceres pulmonares metacronicos. Estas ultimas observaciones son de interes, porque en todas se practicaron resecciones sucesivas con intervalos de entre 1 e 1/2 y 6 anos.En un caso que fuera sometido a neumonectomia para tratar el primer tumor, se extirpo un segmento del pulmon restante 3 anos despues. La posibilidad de tener que operar nuevamente a pacientes portadores de cancer pulmonar, es un argumento mas para defender las tecnicas conservadoras, siempre que esta conducta no afecte la radicalidad del procedimiento. A 11 casos les fueron efectuados estudios inmunologicos, sin hallarse estado imunitario diferente respecto al grupo testigo, con cancer unico controlado, o en etapa de diseminacion
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Lung Neoplasms , Neoplasms, Multiple PrimarySubject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Humans , Esophageal Neoplasms , Dinitrochlorobenzene , Lymphocytes , Skin TestsSubject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Immunocompetence , Lung Neoplasms , DinitrochlorobenzeneABSTRACT
Se presentan 37 casos de neoplasias multiples. En cada paciente, por lo menos una de ellas estaba radicada en el pulmon. Un grupo de enfermos padecieron 2 canceres pulmonares metacronicos. Estas ultimas observaciones son de interes, porque en todas se practicaron resecciones sucesivas con intervalos de entre 1 e 1/2 y 6 anos.En un caso que fuera sometido a neumonectomia para tratar el primer tumor, se extirpo un segmento del pulmon restante 3 anos despues. La posibilidad de tener que operar nuevamente a pacientes portadores de cancer pulmonar, es un argumento mas para defender las tecnicas conservadoras, siempre que esta conducta no afecte la radicalidad del procedimiento. A 11 casos les fueron efectuados estudios inmunologicos, sin hallarse estado imunitario diferente respecto al grupo testigo, con cancer unico controlado, o en etapa de diseminacion
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary , Lung NeoplasmsABSTRACT
En una serie de 24 pacientes se realizaron 27 intervenciones quirurgicas para tratar metastasis pulmonares presumiblemente unicas o multiples, luego de haber excluido por los medios de diagnostico habituales, la presencia de otras localizaciones metastasicas. La sobrevivencia a los 5 anos se aproximo al 9%
Subject(s)
Humans , Lung Neoplasms , Neoplasm Metastasis , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
En una serie de 24 pacientes se realizaron 27 intervenciones quirurgicas para tratar metastasis pulmonares presumiblemente unicas o multiples, luego de haber excluido por los medios de diagnostico habituales, la presencia de otras localizaciones metastasicas. La sobrevivencia a los 5 anos se aproximo al 9%
Subject(s)
Humans , Neoplasm Metastasis , Lung Neoplasms , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
Secretory IgA-S content was evaluated in vitro in human normal and tumoral bronchial mucosa from 39 cases. In 75% of the cases, IgA-S production by tumoral tissue was higher than the levels found in control populations. On the other hand, IgA-S synthesis by normal bronchial tissue of patients with lung tumors, particularly with squamous cell carcinoma, was increased in comparison with patients free of neoplastic bronchopulmonary disease, in 30% of the cases. Comparing tumorous tissue with normal mucosa from the contralateral bronchus of the same patient, marked differences in IgA-S patterns were observed. Regarding the results obtained, we could consider the measuring of IgA-S in bronchial mucosa as a valuable diagnostic aid in patients with suspect pulmonary masses.
