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1.
Mil Med ; 2024 Jul 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39042562

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Assessing military medical teams' ability to respond to large-scale mass casualty (MASCAL) events has become a priority in preparing for future conflicts. MASCAL exercises rely on large numbers of simulated patients with limited medical training. Role-players must be appropriately prepared to ensure that medical exercises adequately assess the expected capabilities of military medical units. The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) has evaluated future military providers for decades using a large-scale, multiday, immersive simulation called Bushmaster. Despite a robust casualty training system, the fidelity of the portrayals remained limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through collaboration with national military medical experts, a comprehensive casualty depiction system was developed. This system relied on structured casualty cards linked to time-based illness scripts. Structured casualty cards included an appropriate balance of disease non-battle injuries and trauma, included multipatient presentations based on shared events (i.e., multiple injured personnel due to an aircraft crash), normal and pathologic combat stress, population/unit considerations, requirements for different roles within the medical unit, and expected clinical outcomes. Illness scripts, supplemented by video guides, included time-based courses of illness/injury and prescribed responses to different typical treatments. This system was piloted during an annual MASCAL exercise (Operation Bushmaster) at USUHS. Clinical faculty were queried on the fidelity of this new system while role-players were evaluated on feasibility. RESULTS: Three hundred casualty cards linked to 49 illness scripts were created, peer-reviewed, and piloted at Bushmaster. A total of 170 military members with limited medical training portrayed simulated patients utilizing the new casualty depiction system. Clinical faculty members strongly agreed that the improved casualty depiction system improved the realism of individual patient presentations (96%). Eighty-three percent of role-players strongly agreed that the casualty depiction system was easy to understand. CONCLUSIONS: This improved casualty depiction system was a feasible approach to enhance the fidelity of a MASCAL exercise. It has since been shared with military medical units around the globe to assist with their MASCAL exercises, making future multisite evaluations of this casualty depiction system possible.

2.
J Interpers Violence ; : 8862605241249499, 2024 May 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38742606

ABSTRACT

The current study sought to examine attachment styles as mediators between intimate partner violence (IPV) and stress coping styles among Iranian women. Data were collected from September to December 2020. The study population was composed of 102 women who were referred to Social Emergency Centers in Isfahan and affected by domestic violence. They were given self-report questionnaires to measure IPV (the Haj-Yahia Violence Questionnaire), Stress Coping Styles (CISS), and Attachment Styles (AAQ). Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships. Sexual IPV victimization was related to both avoidant attachment (ß = .229, p = .015) and anxious attachment (ß = .245, p = .008). Anxious attachment style was related to emotion-oriented coping (ß = .437, p = .000). There was a negative relationship between avoidant attachment and anxious attachment (ß = -.237, p = .032) with avoidance-oriented coping. Sexual IPV victimization and economic IPV victimization were associated with avoidance-oriented coping (ß = -.225, t = 0.816, p = .015; ß = .188, t = 0.816, p = .044). Women who had experienced IPV and had an insecure attachment style were more likely to utilize avoidance and emotional coping strategies. For women who had a secure attachment style, there was no association was found between IPV victimization and coping styles. Attachment styles may influence the relationship between IPV and coping strategies in Iranian women who have experienced violence.

3.
Fam Process ; 2024 Mar 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38506141

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) and different forms of violence (e.g., stalking perpetration and victimization, physical IPV perpetration and victimization, sexual IPV perpetration and victimization, and controlling behaviors) using a meta-analysis. Data from 188 studies, yielding 382 effect sizes, were used to compare the strength of correlates for IPV victimization versus perpetration, as well as gendered results. This meta-analysis found, in order of strength, controlling behaviors victimization, physical IPV victimization, physical IPV perpetration, sexual IPV victimization, stalking victimization, and sexual IPV perpetration were significantly associated with emotional IPV victimization. The meta-analysis also found, in order of strength, emotional IPV perpetration was positively associated with stalking perpetration, physical IPV perpetration, causing injury to a partner, controlling behaviors victimization, sexual IPV perpetration, physical IPV victimization, controlling behaviors perpetration, and sexual IPV victimization. This study found limited significant differences around gender, with physical IPV victimization approaching significance for emotional IPV perpetration for women. The current study highlights the implications associated with early assessment and intervention in cases of IPV.

4.
Trauma Violence Abuse ; 25(1): 41-53, 2024 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36458866

ABSTRACT

Approximately 50% of both men and women will experience emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime-a form of violence highly associated with other forms of IPV-making it important to develop further understanding of for assessment and treatment purposes. The bio-psycho-social model was used to guide the study. Utilizing data from 181 studies, yielding 348 effect sizes, we conducted a meta-analysis examining mental and physical health correlates with emotional IPV perpetration and victimization. We also examined if mental and physical health correlates were significantly stronger for emotional IPV perpetration or victimization, as well as if correlates were stronger for men or women. Suicidal ideation, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, borderline personality disorder (PD), psychological distress, physical pain, trauma, anger, shame, poor physical health, antisocial PD, and somatic symptoms were significantly associated with emotional IPV victimization. Borderline PD, narcissism, emotional dysregulation, anger, post-traumatic stress, antisocial PD, psychopathy, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and trauma were significantly associated with emotional IPV perpetration. Anger, emotional dysregulation, and psychopathology were stronger correlates for emotional IPV perpetration compared to victimization, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychological distress were stronger correlates for victimization. PTSD and suicidal ideation were stronger correlates of IPV victimization for women than men, and anger was a significantly stronger correlate of IPV perpetration for women than men. This study highlights the importance of a holistic approach when working with victims and perpetrators of IPV, focusing on the importance of taking all aspects of the bio-psycho-social model into account.


Subject(s)
Bullying , Crime Victims , Intimate Partner Violence , Male , Humans , Female , Risk Factors , Intimate Partner Violence/psychology , Crime Victims/psychology , Violence
5.
Trauma Violence Abuse ; 25(1): 246-259, 2024 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36722372

ABSTRACT

Sexual assault (SA) continues to be a serious problem on college campuses in the United States. This meta-analysis sought to identify correlates for SA victimization on college campuses, as well as examine if there were any differences in correlates for men and women. Database searches utilizing Boolean search terms were used to identify studies to be included in the meta-analysis. Studies were included if they provided quantitative data on correlates for SA victimization among college students. A total of 118 studies yielding 405 unique effect sizes were included in this study. The strongest correlates for SA victimization among college students were physical intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, physical IPV victimization, emotional IPV victimization, and prior SA victimization. Other significant correlates were related to mental health (e.g., hopelessness, suicidal ideation, trauma symptoms, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms), and factors related to a campus party culture (e.g., binge drinking, alcohol use, drug use, Greek membership). We were able to compare seven correlates between men and women. Results of the meta-analysis also highlight the need for future research to examine additional correlates for SA victimization, as well as examine race/ethnicity and gender as separate categories when trying to further understand correlates for SA victimization.


Subject(s)
Crime Victims , Intimate Partner Violence , Sex Offenses , Male , Humans , Female , United States/epidemiology , Sex Offenses/psychology , Crime Victims/psychology , Intimate Partner Violence/psychology , Universities , Students/psychology
6.
Trauma Violence Abuse ; : 15248380231207874, 2023 Nov 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37941372

ABSTRACT

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health crisis across the globe, and one particular act of IPV, non-fatal strangulation, warrants serious attention. Non-fatal strangulation is a risk factor for intimate partner homicide (IPH) and can create long-term negative mental and physical health consequences. In this meta-analysis, we sought to examine factors associated with non-fatal strangulation victimization among women to help inform education and assessment efforts. Using database searches and Boolean search terms, a total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 16 factors that were found in at least two unique studies were examined. The strongest associated factors included physical IPV victimization, physical injury, IPH, and sexual IPV victimization. Other significant associated factors included lower education, anxiety symptoms, perceived risk of harm, post-traumatic stress symptoms, depressive symptoms, stalking victimization, and identifying as a Black woman. Experiencing childhood trauma, the length of the relationship, age, substance use, and identifying as Hispanic were not significantly related to strangulation victimization by an intimate partner. Education and assessment implications are discussed.

7.
Violence Vict ; 38(3): 414-434, 2023 Jun 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37348960

ABSTRACT

Sexual assault (SA) is a serious challenge faced by the U.S. military. Participants in this study included men and women who volunteered in response to a call for survivors of SA. Participants included active duty and reserve U.S. Air Force (USAF) members, spouses of service members, or civilian employees for the USAF (beneficiaries). The primary research question was, "if you could design the perfect response system to support survivors, what would be included in this system?" The research team conducted in-depth interviews with nine survivors. Next, 82 survivors completed a survey agreeing or disagreeing with strategies identified by interview participants to improve services for survivors and offered additional suggestions. Analysis revealed survivor recommendations to improve SA services.


Subject(s)
Military Personnel , Sex Offenses , Male , Humans , Female , Surveys and Questionnaires , Spouses , Survivors
8.
J Marital Fam Ther ; 49(2): 411-430, 2023 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36640420

ABSTRACT

Emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of IPV and frequently co-occurs with other forms of IPV. Risk factors of IPV can give insight to potential pathways and consequences associated with IPV, enhancing treatment efforts. This meta-analysis examined relationship dynamics associated with IPV perpetration and victimization. Our study found victimization of controlling behavior, demand/withdrawal relationship pattern, perpetration of controlling behavior, jealousy, relationship distress, perpetrator's power in the relationship, anxious attachment, and traditional gender roles were all significantly associated with IPV perpetration. For IPV victimization, victimization of controlling behaviors, fear of the perpetrator, relationship distress, anxious and avoidant attachment, and traditional gender roles were all found to be significantly associated. Relationship satisfaction was found to be negatively associated with emotional IPV perpetration and victimization. Implications for clinicians are discussed.


Subject(s)
Crime Victims , Intimate Partner Violence , Humans , Intimate Partner Violence/psychology , Crime Victims/psychology , Risk Factors , Emotions
9.
Trauma Violence Abuse ; 24(4): 2486-2497, 2023 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35549772

ABSTRACT

Sexual assault (SA) on college campuses remains a prominent public health issue. This meta-analysis focuses on identifying all potential risk markers for college male SA perpetration. Using standard search procedures, a total of 25 studies yielding 89 unique effect sizes were included in the study. Significant risk markers were related to hegemonic masculinity (e.g., peer approval of SA, rape myth acceptance, sexist beliefs, hostility towards women), other forms of dating violence perpetration (e.g., physical and psychological dating violence perpetration), and the college party culture (e.g., binge drinking, alcohol and substance use, frequency of hook-ups). Psychological dating violence victimization, athletic team membership, race/ethnicity, relationship status, and religiosity were not significant risk markers for SA perpetration. Findings support potential benefits of SA prevention efforts prioritizing peer education/student leaders modeling SA disapproval, challenging hegemonic masculinity, healthy relationship and sexual education, as well as alcohol and substance use awareness.


Subject(s)
Crime Victims , Rape , Sex Offenses , Substance-Related Disorders , Humans , Male , Female , Sex Offenses/psychology , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Rape/psychology , Universities , Crime Victims/psychology
10.
Trauma Violence Abuse ; 24(5): 3433-3444, 2023 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36373646

ABSTRACT

Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) incurs significant public health consequences. Understanding risk markers can accelerate prevention and response efforts, important in settings like Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where resources are scarce. In this study, four databases were searched to identify studies that examined risk markers for male-to-female physical IPV. With application of the socioecological model, we analyzed 11 risk markers for male physical IPV perpetration (with 71 effect sizes) and 16 risk markers for female physical IPV victimization (with 131 effect sizes) in SSA from 51 studies. For male IPV perpetration, we found medium-to-large effect sizes for six risk markers: perpetrating emotional abuse and sexual IPV, witnessing parental IPV, being abused as a child, cohabitating (not married), and exhibiting controlling behaviors. We found small effect sizes for substance use. Employment, age, marital status, and education were not significant risk markers. For female IPV victimization, a medium effect size was found for post-traumatic stress symptoms. Small effect sizes were found for reporting depressive symptoms, being abused as a child, witnessing parental IPV, and reporting drug and alcohol use. Rural residence, approval of violence, length of relationship, income, education, employment, age, marital status, and religiosity were not significant risk markers. Findings highlight opportunities for screening and intervention at the couple level, show the need to test and incorporate interventions for IPV in mental health treatment, and emphasize the importance of further research on sociodemographic risk markers and the interventions that target them.


Subject(s)
Child Abuse , Crime Victims , Intimate Partner Violence , Humans , Male , Female , Child , Intimate Partner Violence/psychology , Crime Victims/psychology , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Alcohol Drinking , Risk Factors
11.
J Interpers Violence ; 38(5-6): 5211-5235, 2023 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36029010

ABSTRACT

There is a lack of research on how global intimate partner violence (IPV) has impacted men, especially in patriarchal societies of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study used data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in Cameroon and Sierra Leone after 2010 to examine the prevalence and predictors of IPV victimization among married or cohabiting men aged 15 to 59 years. We chose to examine factors related to IPV victimization separately in each country to highlight the importance of not generalizing results from one SSA country to another or to SSA as a whole. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with physical, psychological, and sexual IPV victimization. In Cameroon, 26.5% of men reported psychological victimization, 24.4% reported physical victimization, and 2.3% reported sexual victimization in the year before the survey. The corresponding proportions of male victims in Sierra Leone were 23.4%, 14.9%, and 2.7% respectively. Men in both countries experienced more psychological violence than physical or sexual violence. The prevalence of IPV varied by age, education, ethnicity, witnessed father beating his mother, wife's alcohol consumption, and approval of wife-beating. In both countries, reporting IPV victimization was related to exposure to father beating mother, alcohol consumption, ethnicity, and approval of wife-beating. Implications of these findings suggest that it is important to consider the influence of contextual and structural factors in understanding the vulnerability of men to IPV victimization. The inconsistent patterns and socio-cultural variation within countries suggest that a multilayer approach should be used to prevent and respond to IPV against men.


Subject(s)
Crime Victims , Intimate Partner Violence , Sex Offenses , Humans , Male , Cameroon/epidemiology , Sierra Leone/epidemiology , Intimate Partner Violence/psychology , Sexual Behavior , Crime Victims/psychology , Risk Factors , Prevalence
12.
Fam Process ; 61(4): 1473-1488, 2022 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35075637

ABSTRACT

Black women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at higher rates than White women, and are more likely to experience more serious injuries, serious mental health diagnoses, or even death as consequences of IPV. Most research on factors associated with physical IPV does not primarily focus on Black women experiencing IPV. To be able to offer targeted intervention and prevention services, understanding unique correlates is critical. To address these discrepancies and better conceptualize factors associated with IPV for Black women, a meta-analysis was conducted to examine correlates for male physical IPV perpetration/female IPV victimization among predominantly Black samples. Next, strengths of correlates for male IPV perpetration/female IPV victimization were compared between Black and White samples. From an original pool of 759 articles examining correlates for IPV perpetration and victimization, 21 articles were usable that had a sufficient percentage (at least 75%) of Black participants and 80 articles that had a sufficient percentage (at least 75%) of White participants. Five significant correlates for male perpetration and seven significant correlates for female victimization in predominantly Black samples were identified. Comparisons for male perpetration/female victimization between predominantly White and Black samples were conducted for nine correlates, and one-third of these correlates (male emotional abuse perpetration, female post-traumatic stress symptoms, and female alcohol use) were significantly stronger correlates in Black populations compared to White populations. Research and clinical implications are discussed.


Subject(s)
Black or African American , Intimate Partner Violence , White , Female , Humans , Male , United States
13.
Trauma Violence Abuse ; 23(1): 301-313, 2022 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32723162

ABSTRACT

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a worldwide issue that, although often thought of as a very gendered and heteronormative crime (male perpetrators and female victims within heterosexual relationships), occurs in all kinds of relationships. The purpose of this study is to examine and raise awareness of how IPV operates within female same-gender relationships. Researchers utilized a narrative inquiry framework, as well as thematic analysis, in order to conduct a qualitative synthesis of articles that examined IPV in female same-gender relationships. Articles were identified through database searches for studies published between 2000 and 2019 using key search terms. Studies were included if they were qualitative in nature (including direct quotes from participants), examined IPV within female same-gender relationships, and were written in English. A total of 19 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Findings were categorized as barriers to help and support, themes within experiences of IPV, or recommendations for helping professionals. Themes within categories included, among others, a lack of framework to identify abuse; mistrust of law enforcement; power dynamics related to parenthood, race, and gender presentation; and fears of contributing to heterosexism. Findings from this study can serve to better inform helping professionals about considerations to keep in mind when working within lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, plus various additional sexual minorities' communities and survivors of female same-gender violence.


Subject(s)
Intimate Partner Violence , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Transgender Persons , Female , Humans , Male , Sexual Behavior , Survivors
14.
Trauma Violence Abuse ; 23(1): 36-51, 2022 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32431231

ABSTRACT

Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration is a serious public health concern around the world. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize all available data examining risk markers for physical IPV perpetration among men and women between 1980 and 2018. Studies were included in the analysis if they examined physical IPV in adult opposite-sex relationships, included statistical information needed to calculate at least one bivariate effect size, and were written in English. A total of 503 studies, yielding 2,972 unique effect sizes, were included in the analysis. Data from these studies allowed for the examination of 63 unique risk markers related to physical IPV perpetration for both men and women, 60 unique risk markers for male perpetration, and 45 unique risk markers for female perpetration. Lastly, we were able to compare the strength of 44 risk markers for physical IPV perpetration between men and women. We found that the strongest risk markers were related to other acts of violence (both perpetration and victimization) as well as relationship dynamics. Results from this study highlight the potential factors that could be focused on in prevention programming and intervention work. Additionally, it was found that 9 out of 44 risk markers significantly differed in strength for men and women, allowing for additional specificity in intervention work for helping professionals working with either male or female perpetrators of physical IPV.


Subject(s)
Bullying , Crime Victims , Intimate Partner Violence , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Risk Factors
15.
J Fam Violence ; 37(6): 881-891, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34690423

ABSTRACT

Intimate partner violence (IPV) rates have grown alongside the sweeping changes, challenges, and transitions necessitated by the onset of COVID-19. The goal of this exploratory study was to examine COVID-19 related risk markers for IPV perpetration. Data were collected from a national sample of 365 U.S. individuals who were in a relationship during August 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 epidemic. Unadjusted odds ratios were calculated for 27 unique risk markers related to lifestyle changes due to COVID-19, mental health, isolation, financial impacts, and COVID-19 diagnoses. The strongest risk markers for IPV perpetration were feelings of loneliness, followed by anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, fear, boredom, substance use and lifestyle changes. Understanding risk markers associated with an increase in IPV perpetration can aid helping professionals identify individuals who may be at risk for IPV, or target these factors to aid in IPV prevention and intervention efforts.

16.
Soc Work ; 2021 Oct 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34694398

ABSTRACT

Both media and academic reports have highlighted COVID-19's negative impacts on mental health and safety in the United States, yet care and service gaps persist. Evidence suggests that a default to in-person service delivery did not meet clients' needs before the pandemic, and that unmet needs have ballooned since COVID-19 spread throughout the United States due to a combination of increased stress, social isolation, and fewer available services during lockdowns. This article reviews literature on online interventions' utility and effectiveness in preventing and treating problems likely exacerbated under pandemic conditions, including mental health conditions, anger, couple dynamics, parenting, and alcohol misuse. The article also describes barriers to evidence-based e-interventions' wider and more consistent use, highlights some vulnerable populations' unique service needs, outlines service gaps that online programs might effectively mitigate, and offers a path by which social workers can lead an interdisciplinary charge in researching, developing, and implementing e-interventions during the current pandemic and beyond.

17.
J Marital Fam Ther ; 47(2): 485-500, 2021 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33502054

ABSTRACT

Online access to relationship enhancing educational resources are needed now more than ever, and there is a growing number of available programs for couples to choose. But, what is the evidence that these programs improve individual and relationship well-being? We conducted a meta-analysis, using random-effects, examining individual and relationship outcomes of online relationship education programs. We identified 12 publications included in the analysis, and found that online relationship education programs produced significant effects in increasing relationship satisfaction, communication skills, relationship confidence, positive relationship qualities, and decreasing negative relationship qualities. At the individual-level, we found that online relationship programs reduced anxiety and depressive symptoms, increased health satisfaction, and overall quality of life. Additionally, we found no differences related to gender, whether or not couples were identified as "distressed," whether or not the programs were "enhanced," or length of the program.


Subject(s)
Personal Satisfaction , Quality of Life , Anxiety , Emotions , Humans
18.
Fam Process ; 60(1): 270-284, 2021 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32441800

ABSTRACT

In this meta-analysis, we examine attachment styles-something commonly incorporated into couples therapy-and their association with physical intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization among men and women. This meta-analysis incorporated 33 studies that looked at the association between four different attachment styles and IPV. This study examined the strength of the correlation among different attachment styles and IPV perpetration and victimization, examined gender differences in the strength of the association among attachment styles and IPV, and compared the strength of the association with IPV among different attachment styles. We found that anxious attachment, avoidant attachment, and disorganized attachment styles were all significantly associated with physical IPV perpetration and victimization. Secure attachment was significantly negatively related to IPV perpetration and victimization. There was a significantly stronger association between avoidant attachment and IPV victimization for women compared to men. Clinical implications related to the importance of fostering secure attachments when working with couples or individuals who have experienced IPV are addressed.


En este metaanálisis, analizamos los estilos de apego─ algo comúnmente incorporado en la terapia de pareja─ y su asociación con la perpetración de violencia física de pareja y la victimización entre los hombres y las mujeres. Este metaanálisis incorporó 33 estudios que analizaron la asociación entre cuatro estilos de apego diferentes y la violencia de pareja. Este estudio examinó la intensidad de la correlación entre los diferentes estilos de apego y la perpetración de violencia de pareja y la victimización, estudió las diferencias de género en la intensidad de la asociación entre los estilos de apego y la violencia de pareja, y comparó la intensidad de la asociación con la violencia de pareja entre los diferentes estilos de apego. Descubrimos que los estilos de apego ansioso, apego evitativo y apego desorganizado estuvieron todos considerablemente asociados con la perpetración de violencia física de pareja y la victimización. El apego seguro estuvo relacionado de forma considerablemente negativa con la perpetración de violencia de pareja y la victimización. Hubo una asociación considerablemente más intensa entre el apego evitativo y la violencia de pareja, y la victimización en las mujeres en comparación con los hombres. Se abordan las implicancias clínicas relacionadas con la importancia de fomentar vínculos seguros a la hora de trabajar con parejas o personas que han sufrido violencia de pareja.


Subject(s)
Couples Therapy , Crime Victims , Intimate Partner Violence , Anxiety , Female , Humans , Male
19.
J Interpers Violence ; 36(1-2): NP212-NP231, 2021 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29294929

ABSTRACT

Dating violence is a significant problem among college students. Using a sample of 248 male and 304 female college students, we explored whether or not male and female college students differed in their approval rates of male-to-female intimate partner violence (IPV) and female-to-male IPV. We also examined how approval of violence related to reports of physical, psychological, and sexual IPV perpetration and victimization. We found that both male and female college students had higher levels of approval of female-to-male IPV than male-to-female IPV. We also found that male students had higher levels of approval of male-to-female IPV and female-to-male IPV than did female students. We found that men who had higher levels of approval of female-to-male IPV were more likely to be perpetrators and victims of physical IPV and perpetrators of sexual IPV. Finally, we found that women who had higher levels of approval of female-to-male IPV were more likely to be victims of sexual and psychological IPV.


Subject(s)
Crime Victims , Intimate Partner Violence , Female , Humans , Male , Sexual Behavior , Students , Violence
20.
Trauma Violence Abuse ; 22(3): 619-631, 2021 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31514691

ABSTRACT

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a common problem among adolescents and has been linked to various negative outcomes. This study used Dutton's nested ecological theory to examine risk markers for physical TDV perpetration and examine whether there are significant differences in the strength of risk markers between male and female adolescents. This meta-analysis included 37 studies yielding 126 unique effect sizes for risk markers for physical TDV perpetration in samples from the United States. In the microsystem level, a total of 14 risk markers were examined and in the ontogenetic level, 12 risk markers were examined. Our results revealed that, in the microsystem, physical TDV victimization was the strongest risk marker for physical TDV perpetration. On the ontogenetic level, externalizing behaviors, approval of violence, risky sexual behaviors, alcohol use, depression, and delinquency were the strongest risk markers for TDV perpetration. Conflict resolution skills and responsibility were protective markers against TDV perpetration. When comparing the strength of risk markers between males and females, we found that undifferentiated TDV perpetration and depression were significantly stronger risk markers for female perpetration than male perpetration. We also found that exhibiting controlling behaviors was a significantly stronger risk marker for male TDV perpetration than female TDV perpetration. These findings highlight the importance of the microsystem, specifically the dating relationship itself, when identifying adolescents at risk for TDV perpetration.


Subject(s)
Intimate Partner Violence , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Intimate Partner Violence/psychology , Intimate Partner Violence/statistics & numerical data , Male , Risk Factors , United States
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