ABSTRACT
A comparison was made between tumor area estimated on rectal palpation and actual tumor size calculated from the radical prostatectomy specimen in 17 patients with prostatic carcinoma. For each patient a diagram of the rectal examination findings was superimposed onto a histological reconstruction map of the surgical specimen, and relative areas were measured with a computer. In only 1 case was there close correlation between palpated and actual tumor area. Seven patients had actual tumor areas that were more than twice the palpated area. In 5 patients the palpated areas corresponded to foci of capsular involvement, while adjacent large areas of cancer abutting the capsule were not recognized. Discrepancies of this magnitude may result not infrequently in assignment of a clinical stage B1 to tumors that are histologically stage B2.
Subject(s)
Palpation , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Rectum , Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
Infection stones may be the cause of persistent or recurrent bacterial urinary infection. Evaluation of the infection and the character of the stones often aids in the selection of management and treatment options. The ultimate success of the treatment of infection stones should be measured, however, by control or removal of both the stone and the urinary infection.
Subject(s)
Urinary Calculi/therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Calcium Carbonate/therapeutic use , Carbonates/therapeutic use , Citrates/therapeutic use , Drug Combinations/therapeutic use , Humans , Hydroxamic Acids/therapeutic use , Lithotripsy , Magnesium Oxide/therapeutic use , Therapeutic Irrigation , Urinary Calculi/analysis , Urinary Calculi/etiology , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
The distribution of values of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was analyzed in the cord blood of 350 newborns divided into groups according to whether their mothers were normal, preeclamptic, or smokers. In addition, fetal birth weight and fetal IgA and IgM at term were correlated with AFP. Cord serum AFP values showed a unimodal bell-shaped distribution in 269 normal newborns with a mean of 22.7 +/- 11.3 (SD) micrograms/ml. The cord sera of infants of preeclamptic mothers and of smoking mothers showed a similar mean and distribution. As previously observed, AFP was correlated inversely with birth weight. No correlation existed between AFP and fetal Ig levels.
Subject(s)
Birth Weight , Fetal Blood/analysis , Immunoglobulins/analysis , alpha-Fetoproteins/analysis , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin A/analysis , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , Infant, Newborn , Pre-Eclampsia/blood , Pregnancy , SmokingABSTRACT
This study reveals significant differences in the development of the perinotochordal sheath of heterozygous (Sdl+) and homozygous (SdlSd) mice. The magnitude of the effect on the basement membrane and surrounding sheath apparently is determined by whether one or two copies of the Sd gene are present.
Subject(s)
Embryo, Mammalian/anatomy & histology , Mice, Mutant Strains/anatomy & histology , Notochord/anatomy & histology , Animals , Basement Membrane/physiology , Glycosaminoglycans , Heterozygote , Homozygote , Mice , Tail/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Disagreement as to whether Ig levels are high, low, or normal at different ages in different groups of trisomic children has interfered with defining the associated immunodeficiency state. Fetal Ig production was assessed by measuring cord blood IgM and IgA of five trisomy 21, 97 normal, and 37 control newborns with other birth defects. Trisomic infants showed significantly lower values. Cord blood IgG values showed no differences between groups when corrected for fetal blood weight. The data indicate that children with trisomy 21 have an impaired humoral immune response to utero.
