ABSTRACT
The paper analyses the connection between anxiety and different symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia. In the study 66 patients admitted to hospital with an episode of paranoid schizophrenia were examined by a set of tests. Exacerbation of anxiety was measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), whilst symptoms of schizophrenia--by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Scale for Assessment of Positive and negative Symptoms (SANS < SAPS). Statistically important correlations between anxiety and the majority of positive symptoms were observed. On the other hand, correlations between negative symptoms and anxiety experienced by the sick appeared variously.
Subject(s)
Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/diagnosis , Adult , Anxiety Disorders/complications , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/complications , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/psychology , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Schizophrenia is recognized as a disorder of complex etiology including biological and environmental factors. The paper describes, first of all, biological abnormalities. It uses neurodevelopmental model assuming the existence of neuropathological process. The process starts in the pre-natal period, undergoes changes under the influence of developmental factors, and, finally, manifests itself in psychotic symptoms. Particularly, the author suggests that diathesis for schizophrenia involves functional excess of dopamine activity in the basal ganglia. It causes disruption in neuronal circuits, thus releasing psychotic symptoms. Additionally, the paper describes anatomic changes, neuronal circuitry malfunctions and impairments in metabolic activity of brain detected in numerous studies on schizophrenic patients.
Subject(s)
Schizophrenia/etiology , Brain/metabolism , Dopamine/metabolism , Humans , Schizophrenia/metabolism , Schizophrenic PsychologyABSTRACT
Self-acceptance as a correlation between real and ideal self-concept distinguishes neurotic patients from paranoid schizophrenic patients. This fact may support the hypothesis that these groups of patients are characteristic of different personality traits.
Subject(s)
Neurotic Disorders/psychology , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/psychology , Self Concept , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Sixty-three psychosomatic patients were examined using three self-evaluation scales: Beck Depression Inventory-BDI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-STAI and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-HADS in order to attain a description of the level of anxiety and depression in the group as well as to make an opinion on the reliability of HADS and to make a comparison from the results of the two scales: STAI and BDI. The final results indicated that HADS could perhaps stand-up to be a useful instrument for medical patients for screening and examining the disturbed emotion in groups of psychosomatic patients.
