Subject(s)
Clothing/standards , Dietetics , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Attitude , Clinical Competence , Clothing/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , United StatesABSTRACT
This study reports high school students' attitude toward the school lunch program. Students were randomly selected to participate in a study of factors affecting school lunch participation in the Cincinnati Public Schools (N = 1,804). Using a questionnaire, students were asked their opinions, feelings, and attitudes toward the program. Results showed that the quality and variety of food offered were significant factors affecting the students' decision to participate. The length of the lunch period and the amount of time spent waiting in line also were significant factors.
Subject(s)
Attitude , Food Services/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Food Preferences , Food Services/economics , Food Services/standards , Humans , Ohio , Peer Group , Random Allocation , Schools , Social Environment , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Sources of social influence on urban African-American preschool children's food consumption were coded from videotapes of noontime and evening meals of 42 children. The frequency of eating prompts was associated with the age of the child, the source (mothers, fathers, age mates, other adults, and day-care staff), and socioeconomic status. The success of the prompt in changing the child's eating behavior was dependent on the type of prompt.
Subject(s)
Black or African American/psychology , Feeding Behavior , Parenting/psychology , Peer Group , Social Environment , Child, Preschool , Female , Food Preferences/psychology , Humans , Male , Mother-Child Relations , Reinforcement, SocialABSTRACT
To select a valid method for obtaining dietary intake of preschool children, food intake of 17 children (8 in daycare programs and 9 in home care) was measured for three days. Each day, home caregivers and daycare staff were asked to recall what the child had eaten during the previous 24 hours. After the third day, the Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered to assess intake during the preceding seven days, which included the three days of measured foods. There were no significant differences between means from measured and recalled intake. Although the children's gender and care status (daycare versus home care) made no difference in measured intake, there were significant differences in recalled intake for energy and percent of calories from saturated fat. In this study the questionnaire did not provide an accurate assessment of measured intake and could not replace the dietary recall.
Subject(s)
Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Energy Intake , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Child Day Care Centers , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Recall , Nutrition SurveysABSTRACT
Fasting blood samples from 11 women distance runners, 12 sprinters, and 11 moderately active women were examined to determine iron status. Dietary iron intake and bioavailability were analyzed from 3-day food diaries. Both distance runners and sprinters had lower hematocrits and haptoglobins than moderately active women. Distance runners had significantly lower ferritin (15.8 micrograms/l) than sprinters (32.8 micrograms/l), but moderately active women's ferritin (26.1 micrograms/l) was not significantly different than in the other groups. Five distance runners, two sprinters, and one moderately active woman had ferritins below 12 micrograms/l, which suggests iron depletion. Differences in hemoglobin, plasma iron, transferrin, and food iron intake were not significant among the three groups. Absorbable iron and heme iron intake were significantly lower for the distance runners and control women than the sprinters. The results suggest that low ferritin is more common among women who train for distance events than for sprints. This difference may by due to differences in bioavailability of food iron intake.
Subject(s)
Iron/blood , Physical Endurance/physiology , Running , Adult , Female , Ferritins/blood , Haptoglobins/analysis , Humans , Iron/administration & dosage , Nutritional Status , Sex Factors , Transferrin/analysisABSTRACT
234 university students were given a questionnaire examining the relation between certain behavioral characteristics and female body-build somatotypes. Analysis confirmed previous findings that stereotypical images continue to exist for the mesomorph and endomorph body types, with favorable characteristics attributed to the mesomorph and unfavorable to the endomorph. Contrary to previous findings, the ectomorph, or thin body build was associated with positive characteristics such as being the most attractive, having the most dates, and exercising the most. The young women also chose this body build as the image they would like to be. These findings appear to confirm preoccupation with thinness and fitness observed among college women and thought to be promoted by the media.
