Efficacy of bioactive materials in preventing Streptococcus mutans-induced caries on enamel and dentine.

The study investigated the ability of bioactive materials used to restore enamel and dentine specimens to prevent caries. Enamel (n = 50) and dentine (n = 50) specimens were obtained from bovine incisors, prepared, and randomly allocated to one of five groups according to the restorative treatment: alkasite without adhesive system; alkasite with adhesive system; high viscosity glass ionomer cement; resin composite; no restoration; negative control group. Specimens were restored, exposed to a thermal cycling aging protocol, sterilized, and exposed to a cariogenic challenge induced by Streptococcus mutans and then submitted to surface and subsurface microhardness tests and polarized light microscopy to verify the caries lesion development in enamel or dentine surrounding the restorative materials. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. In enamel and dentine, glass ionomer cement, alkasite without and with adhesive system presented a lower percentage surface microhardness loss than resin composite and negative control. Enamel subsurface microhardness presented no statistically significant differences between glass ionomer cement, alkasite without and with adhesive system. Glass ionomer cement also did not present statistically significant differences from resin composite and the negative control. In dentine, glass ionomer cement showed the highest subsurface microhardness values. In conclusion, bioactive restorative materials provide greater protection to enamel and dentine against surface caries development than resin composite.

Surface smoothness of resin composites after polishing-A systematic review and network meta-analysis of in vitro studies.

A systematic review and network meta-analysis was performed to provide evidence for the best polishing protocol for different types of resin composites to minimize surface roughness. A search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library on July 2, 2019 (updated in December, 2020). In vitro studies that included at least two systems for polishing resin composites and analyzed surface roughness were included. The risk of bias was evaluated. A random-effects Bayesian-mixed treatment comparison model was used to compare surface roughness in resin composites with the different types of polishers. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) analysis was performed to rank the probability for the best polishing system. After removal of duplicates, title and abstract screening yielded 34 studies. Network meta-analysis was not possible for hybrid and microhybrid composites. SUCRA analysis showed that abrasive paper discs allowed greater surface smoothness for nanohybrid and nanofill composites to a probability of between 83% and 91.6%. Silicon carbide brush had a 78.2% probability of being the best system for microfill composites. The use of abrasive paper disc polishers showed a favorable result in nanofill and nanohybrid resin composites. Silicon carbide brush has a greater chance of promoting a smoother surface for microfill resin composites.

Effectiveness of a New App in Improving Oral Hygiene in Orthodontic Patients: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this randomised clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of a mobile application (app) on the oral hygiene (OH) of adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Eight volunteers (14-19 years old) were randomly allocated to the experimental or control groups. Volunteers in the control group received standard OH (SOH) instructions, whilst volunteers in the experimental group received SHO + OH guidance and motivation through an app tailor-made for this study. Clinical assessments were made using the visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) at 5 different time points: before orthodontic device installation (T0); at baseline (T1); and 30 (T2), 60 (T3), and 90 (T4) days after randomisation. Significant differences were evaluated using Student t test and multilevel logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Although no significant difference could be observed, VPI at T1 and T2 were lower for volunteers in the experimental group (33.20 ± 19.29; 32.10 ± 7.72) than for the volunteers in the control group (42.11 ± 8.56; 43.59 ± 34.71). The same was observed for GBI, in which volunteers in the experimental group presented lower GBI at T1 and T2 (12.70 ± 8.10; 13.72 ± 7.39) than volunteers in the control group (27.53 ± 17.89; 20.38 ± 9.95). Good acceptance for using the app was shown by volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the potential utility of the mobile app for improving the OH of adolescents.

Antimicrobial efficacy of S-PRG containing toothpastes on S. mutans biofilm development / Eficácia antimicrobiana de dentifrícios contendo S-PRG sobre o desenvolvimento de biofilme de S. mutans

Objective: to investigate the antimicrobial effects of toothpastes containing bioactive surface pre-reacted glass particles (S-PRG) on S. mutans biofilms adherence, initial colonization and maturation. Material and Methods: a reference UA 159 and a clinical S. mutans (SM6) strain were used. Bovine enamel specimens were randomly allocated into the groups (n=5): toothpastes containing 0%; 1%; 5%; 20%; 30% S-PRG; positive control dentifrice (NaF+triclosan); and negative control (distilled water). For biofilm development, samples were placed in a 24-well plate containing artificial saliva (4h), followed by adding 1mL of artificial saliva, BHI broth and 225µL of S. mutans suspension. Treatments with toothpastes were applied previously or after 4h and 24h of biofilm formation. Samples were incubated for 48h at 37°C in 5%CO2 and biofilm was detached and seeded in Petri dishes for determining the number of viable cells. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (5%). Results: significantly lower microorganisms' adherence (p<0.05) was obtained for all S-PRG toothpastes, with similar results to NaF+triclosan for SM6 and 20 and 30%S-PRG groups exhibiting higher inhibition effect than the NaF+Triclosan for UA159. Antibacterial effect on the early-stage biofilm was also observed for the S-PRG groups, but was not superior to the NaF+Triclosan toothpaste. For the mature biofilm, the effective antimicrobial potential of S-PRG toothpastes was observed only for the SM6 clinical strain, but was not higher than the positive control. Conclusion: experimental S-PRG toothpastes were effective to inhibit S. mutans biofilm growth by exhibiting antimicrobial activity, being promising agents to prevent cariogenic biofilm development (AU)

Objetivo: investigar o efeito de dentifrícios contendo S-PRG sobre a colonização inicial e maturação de biofilmes de S. mutans. Material e Métodos: uma cepa de referência (UA 159) e uma cepa clínica de S. mutans (SM6) foram utilizadas. Espécimes de esmalte bovino foram alocados nos grupos (n=5): dentifrícios contendo 0%; 1%; 5%; 20% e 30%S-PRG; controle positivo (NaF+triclosan); e controle negativo (água destilada). Os espécimes foram inseridos em uma placa de 24 poços contendo saliva artificial (4h), seguido por adição de 1mL de saliva artificial, BHI, 225µL de suspensão de S. mutans e foram tratados com suspensões de dentifrícios antes ou depois de 4 e 24h da formação do biofilme. Os espécimes foram incubados por 48h e o biofilme foi removido dos espécimes e semeado em placas de Petri para contagem de UFC/mL. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (5%). Resultados: houve diminuição na adesão de microrganismos para os grupos tratados com S-PRG (p<0.05). Para SM6, os dentifrícios contendo S-PRG apresentaram resultados semelhantes ao NaF+triclosan e para a cepa UA159 o dentifrício com 30%S-PRG apresentou efeito superior. Efeito antimicrobiano no biofilme recém-formado (4h) foi observado para os grupos contendo S-PRG, mas não foi observado efeito superior ao NaF+Triclosan. Para o biofilme maduro, efeito antimicrobiano do S-PRG foi observado apenas para a cepa clínica, mas não superior ao efeito do NaF+Triclosan. Conclusão: dentifrícios contendo S-PRG foram eficazes na inibição do desenvolvimento de biofilmes de S. mutans, sendo promissores agentes para prevenir o desenvolvimento de biofilme cariogênico. (AU)

Influence of different intraradicular chemical pretreatments on the bond strength of adhesive interface between dentine and fiber post cements: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Systematic review and network meta-analyses were performed to answer the question: Do intraradicular chemical pretreatments affect the bond strength of the adhesive interface between dentine and fiber post cements? A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, and Cochrane Library in October 2018 (updated September 2021). In vitro studies that compared the bond strength assessed by push-out tests following at least two dentine chemical treatments prior to fiber post cementation were included. Risk of bias was evaluated. A random-effects Bayesian-mixed treatment comparison model was used to compare push-out bond strength of different chemical pretreatments. SUCRA (surface area under the cumulative ranking) analysis was performed to rank the pretreatments. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 61 studies remained. SUCRA analysis showed that the best bond strength values for self-etch, etch-and-rinse, and self-adhesive cements were ethyl acetate (SUCRA: 99.8%), low concentration NaOCl (SUCRA: 83.4%), and grape seed extract (SUCRA: 97.6%), respectively. According to the SUCRA rankings, ethanol was in a good position for all adhesive strategies (SUCRA: 78.6%). The use of chemical pretreatments in intraradicular dentine of endodontically treated teeth depends on the adhesive and cementation strategy. The pretreatment generally associated with the highest bond strength was ethanol.

Calcium pretreatment enhances fluoride reactivity with enamel and dentine.

OBJECTIVE: High fluoride concentration treatments are known to react with enamel and dentine forming calcium fluoride (CaF2)-like deposits, but strategies to improve this reactivity beyond increasing fluoride concentration/reducing pH in fluoride treatments have not been explored. Here we investigated the ability of a calcium pre-treatment to improve fluoride reactivity. DESIGN: In a blind and randomized in vitro study, sound and carious enamel and dentine slabs (n = 11/group) were randomly allocated into one of the following treatments: Deionized water (negative control); 0.05% sodium fluoride (F, positive control); 150 mM calcium lactate solution followed by 0.05% sodium fluoride solution (Ca→F); 150 mM calcium lactate solution premixed with 0.05% sodium fluoride solution (CaF2, active control). Alkali-soluble fluoride (representing CaF2-like deposits formed on the substrates) was extracted from the slabs using 1 M KOH for 24 h and measured by an ion-specific electrode. Carious slabs were further observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. RESULTS: The Ca→F treatment enhanced fluoride reactivity with all tested substrates when compared with F alone. Carious substrates had a greater reactivity with F and Ca→F than their respective sound substrates, confirming that increased porosity enhances the reactivity with fluoride. Alkali-soluble fluoride concentration after the CaF2 treatment did not differ among the different substrates, suggesting this treatment causes only contamination with preformed CaF2, which was noted under SEM. CONCLUSION: A calcium pretreatment enhances the reactivity of fluoride with enamel and dentine.

Fluoride Binding to Streptococcus mutans Pellets Rich in Extracellular Polysaccharides.

Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), mainly the insoluble ones, increase the cariogenicity of dental biofilm, but whether they interfere with the binding and retention of fluoride is unknown. EPS-rich (EPS+) and EPS-poor (EPS-) pellets of Streptococcus mutans were formed and treated with increasing fluoride concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, or 10 mM). A concentration-dependent fluoride binding was observed in both EPS- and EPS+ pellets, but the presence of EPS did not affect the retention of fluoride in the pellets. In conclusion, the data suggest that a matrix of dental biofilm rich in EPS does not affect fluoride retention in the biofilm.

Bacterial levels and amount of endotoxins in carious dentin within reversible pulpitis scenarios.

OBJECTIVES: the objective of the present exploratory study was to determine bacterial diversity and endotoxin levels in deep carious lesions of teeth presenting symptoms of reversible pulpitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with deep carious lesions, reporting clinical symptomatology compatible with reversible pulpitis (n = 10) or not reporting clinical symptomatology (n = 10), were selected. Carious dentin samples were obtained with the aid of sterile and pyrogen-free spoon excavators and harvested in two steps: before and after infected dentin removal. Samples were collected for checkerboard and for kinetic chromogenic LAL assay for determination of microbial profile and quantitation of endotoxin, respectively. Data were analyzed by Mann Whitney for bacteria and two-way ANOVA for endotoxins (5%). RESULTS: No difference on the studied bacteria was detected between the superficial and deep dentin layers. Symptomatic teeth showed greater presence of Lactobacillus species, Capnocytophaga sputigena, and Leptotrichia buccalis. For the endotoxins, symptomatic teeth resulted in greater quantity of endotoxins (p = 0.047), being 4.13 log10 EU/mL/µg dentin and 3.45 log10 EU/mL/µg dentin, for symptomatic and asymptomatic teeth, respectively. Dentin collected in different areas presented similar number of endotoxins (p = 0.139). CONCLUSION: The amount of the studied bacteria does not seem to be related to reported symptomatology of deep carious lesions, while endotoxins quantity is greater in symptomatic scenarios, regardless of the harvesting area. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The understanding of bacterial amount in reversible pulpitis is important to establish a clinical protocol of treatment.

Efficacy of fluoride varnishes with different compositions on white spot lesions remineralization / Eficácia de vernizes fluoretados com diferentes composições na remineralização de manchas brancas

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different fluoride varnishes on white spot lesions (WSL) remineralization. Material and Methods: Polished bovine enamel specimens were obtained (n = 60) and had their initial surface Knoop microhardness (SMH) determined. WSL were created and the SMH was measured again. Then, specimens were allocated into six groups: C ­ Control (without varnish); BF ­ Bifluorid 12 (6% NaF + 6% CaF2); DP ­ Duraphat (5% NaF); PF ­ Profluorid (5% NaF); FP - Fluor Protector (0.2% NaF + 0.9% difluorsilane); CW - Clinpro White Varnish (5% NaF + 5% TCP). After varnishes application, specimens were immersed in artificial saliva for 24 h. Then, pH-cycling was performed for 8 days and SMH was measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results: Non-significant differences were observed among the groups at baseline (p = 0.187) and after WSL formation (p = 0.999). After treatments, significant differences were observed among the groups (p = 0.001). Mean % of alteration (SD) and results of Tukey test were: C- 92.40 (12.10)a; PF- 88.66 (10.66)a; FP- 85.90 (14.49)ab; BF- 67.85 (17.86)bc; CW- 66.60 (18.48)c; DP- 58.62 (8.69)c. Conclusion: Bifluorid 12, Clinpro White Varnish, and Duraphat showed higher efficacy than artificial saliva in promoting the remineralization of WSL, nevertheless, none of the treatments were able to recover sound enamel baseline microhardness (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de diferentes vernizes fluoretados na remineralização de lesões de mancha branca (LMB). Material e métodos: Espécimes de esmalte bovino polido (n = 60) foram submetidos à análise de microdureza superficial Knoop (KMH) inicial. Foram então criadas LMB artificialmente e os espécimes foram alocados em seis grupos: C ­ Controle (sem aplicação de verniz); BF ­ Bifluorid 12 (6% NaF + 6% CaF2); DP ­ Duraphat (5% NaF); PF ­ Profluorid (5% NaF); FP - Fluor Protector (0.2% NaF + 0.9% difluorsilano); CW - Clinpro White Varnish (5% NaF + 5% TCP). Após a aplicação dos vernizes, os espécimes ficaram imersos em saliva artificial por 24h e uma ciclagem de pH foi realizada por 8 dias. Após a ciclagem, KMH final foi realizada. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (5%). Resultados: Não foi observada diferença significante para os grupos após a KHM inicial (p = 0.187) e após a formação de LMB (p = 0.999). Após os tratamentos, diferenças significativas foram observadas entre os grupos (p = 0.001). Valores de média de % de alteração superficial (desvio-padrão) e resultados do teste de Tukey foram: C- 92.40 (12.10)a; PF- 88.66 (10.66)a; FP- 85.90 (14.49)ab; BF- 67.85 (17.86)bc; CW- 66.60 (18.48)c; DP- 58.62 (8.69)c. Conclusão: Os vernizes Bifluorid 12, Clinpro White Varnish e Duraphat apresentaram maior eficácia na remineralização das LMB quando comparados à saliva artificial, entretanto, nenhum dos produtos testados foi capaz de recuperar os valores iniciais de microdureza. (AU)

Avaliação do efeito protetor, remineralizante e antimicrobiano de dentifrícios contendo partículas bioativas / Evaluation of protective, remineralizing and antimicrobial effect of toothpastes containing bioactive particles

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial protetor contra a desmineralização e o efeito remineralizante de dentifrícios experimentais contendo diferentes concentrações de partículas de vidro ionomérico pré-reagido (S-PRG - surface prereacted glass ionomer cement). Adicionalmente, o potencial antimicrobiano foi avaliado. Foram preparados 168 espécimes cilíndricos (4mm - diâmetro; 2mm - altura) de esmalte bovino hígido e polido para avaliação do potencial protetor (n=84) e remineralizante (n=84). Estes foram estratificados nos seguintes grupos de tratamento (n=12), de acordo com a concentração das partículas bioativas (S-PGR) incorporadas nos dentifrícios: 0%; 1%; 5%; 20% e 30%. Um dentifrício contendo NaF (1450 µg F/mL) foi utilizado como controle positivo e a água ultrapurificada foi utilizada como controle negativo. Os tratamentos com as suspensões de dentifrícios (1:3 com saliva artificial) foram realizados 2x/dia ­ 5 min/8 dias, intercalados com a ciclagem des/remineralizante. Para avaliação do potencial protetor dos tratamentos contra a desmineralização, os espécimes foram imersos em solução desmineralizante por 4 h e em solução remineralizante por 20 h. Para a avaliação do potencial remineralizante dos dentifrícios, os espécimes foram submetidos à formação de lesão de mancha branca artificial em solução desmineralizante por 20 h e então foram submetidos aos mesmos tratamentos e ciclagem des/re (2 h em solução des e 22 h em solução re). Após a ciclagem, os espécimes foram analisados quanto a dureza superficial, subsuperficial. Adicionalmente, o pH da suspensão de dentifrício preparada em água destilada foi determinado. A avaliação do efeito dos dentifrícios sobre a adesão bacteriana e crescimento do biofilme foi realizada por meio de testes em uma cepa padrão de S. mutans (UA159) e em uma cepa clínica de S mutans. Para cada cepa, 35 espécimes de esmalte bovino polido (6mm - diâmetro; 2mm - altura) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente nos mesmos grupos de tratamento (n=5), porém para a avaliação do efeito antimicrobiano, um dentifrício contendo 1450 µg F/mL + triclosan foi utilizado como controle positivo. Os espécimes foram tratados com as suspensões (5 min) e então inseridos em uma placa contendo sacarose, saliva artificial e uma suspensão S. mutans (padrão e clínica) para permitir a formação do biofilme. Então, foi realizada a contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias por mL (UFC/mL) após 48 h. O efeito antimicrobiano sobre um biofilme recém-formado e maduro também foi avaliado. Para isso, 35 blocos de esmalte bovino foram distribuídos aleatoriamente nos sete grupos citados anteriormente (n=5). Os espécimes foram inseridos em uma placa contendo sacarose, saliva artificial e uma suspensão S. mutans para permitir a adesão bacteriana. Após 4 h e 24 h da formação inicial do biofilme, os espécimes foram tratados com um dos dentifrícios contendo diferentes concentrações de S-PRG e controles e retornaram ao meio de cultura. Após 48 h, a contagem de UFC/mL foi realizada. Análises estatísticas independentes foram realizadas entre os grupos para cada estudo. Os dados foram analisados com ANOVA e teste de Tukey (5%). Os dentifrícios contendo S-PRG apresentaram potencial protetor contra a desmineralização e o dentifrício com 30% S-PRG foi o mais eficaz, diferindo do controle positivo (p<0,05). Para a remineralização, dentifrícios contendo S-PRG diferiram do controle negativo (p<0,05), mas não diferiram entre si e não foram superiores ao dentifrício contendo NaF. Uma diminuição significativa na adesão de microrganismos foi observada para todos os grupos tratados com os dentifrícios contendo S-PRG e para a cepa UA159 os dentifrícios com 20 e 30%S-PRG apresentaram efeito superior ao dentifrício contendo NaF+Triclosan (p<0,05). Efeito antimicrobiano sobre o biofilme recém-formado (4 h) também foi observado para os grupos tratados com dentifrícios contendo S-PRG, mas não foi observado efeito superior ao dentifrício contendo NaF+Triclosan (p>0,05). Para o biofilme maduro, efeito antimicrobiano dos dentifrícios contendo S-PRG foi observado apenas para a cepa clínica (p<0.05), sendo inferior ao exercido pelo controle positivo. Concluiu-se que os dentifrícios contendo S-PRG apresentam capacidade de proteger o esmalte contra a desmineralização, bem como capacidade remineralizante, além de serem capazes de impedir a adesão bacteriana e atuar sobre o crescimento do biofilme cariogênico.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective, remineralizing, and antimicrobial potential of experimental toothpastes containing different concentrations of pre-reacted glass ionomer particles (S-PRG). Cylindrical specimens (n=84, 4mm- diameter, 2mm-height) of sound and polished bovine enamel were prepared to evaluate the protective and remineralizing potential of the toothpastes. These were stratified into the following treatment groups (n=12), according to the concentration of bioactive particles (S-PGR) incorporated to the toothpastes: 0%; 1%; 5%; 20%; and 30%. A toothpaste containing 1450 µg F/mL was used as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. Treatments with toothpastes' slurries (1:3 with artificial saliva) were performed 2x/day - 5 min / 8 days, interposed with de/remineralization cycling. To evaluate the protective potential of the toothpastes, specimens were immersed in demineralizing solution for 4 h and in a remineralizing solution for 20 h. To evaluate the remineralizing potential of toothpastes, the specimens were submitted to the formation of white spot lesion in demineralizing solution for 20 h and then submitted to the same treatments de- and remineralizing pH-cycling (2 h in de- and 22 h in remineralizing solution). Specimens were analysed for surface and cross-sectional hardness. Additionally, the pH of the slurries prepared in deionized water was assessed. The effect of toothpastes over microorganisms adhesion and their antimicrobial potential over a newly formed and mature biofilms were also evaluated. To evaluate the effect of toothpastes on microorganisms adhesion and biofilm development, two different studies were performed using a S mutans strain (UA159) and a S mutans clinical strain. 35 specimens of polished bovine enamel (6mm- diameter, 2mm-height) were randomly distributed in the same treatment groups (n=5). The specimens were treated with the suspensions and then inserted into a plate containing sucrose, artificial saliva and a standard suspension of S. mutans to allow microorganisms adhesion and then colony forming units per ml (CFU/mL) counting was performed after 48 h. The antimicrobial effect on a newly formed and mature biofilms was also evaluated. For this, 35 blocks of bovine enamel were randomly distributed into the seven previously mentioned groups (n=5). The specimens were inserted into a plate containing sucrose, artificial saliva and a standard suspension of S. mutans to allow biofilm formation. After 4 h and 24 h of the initial formation of the biofilm, the specimens were treated with one of the toothpastes containing different concentrations of S-PRG and were return to the culture medium. After 48 h the CFU/mL counting were performed. Independent statistical analyses were performed for each study. Data were analysed with ANOVA and Tukey test (5%). The S-PRG containing toothpastes presented protective potential and the 30% S-PRG was the most effective, differing from the positive control (p<0.05). For remineralization, toothpastes containing S-PRG differed from the negative control and 0% S-PRG (p<0.05), but did not differ from each other and were not superior to toothpaste containing NaF (p>0.05). A significant decrease in the adhesion of microorganisms was observed for all groups treated with the S-PRG containing toothpastes and for the UA159 strain the 20 and 30% S-PRG toothpastes had a superior effect than the NaF+Triclosan (p<0.05). Antimicrobial effect on the newly formed biofilm (4 h) was also observed for the groups treated with S-PRG, but no greater effect was observed than that of NaF+Triclosan (p>0.05). For mature biofilm, antimicrobial effect of S-PRG toothpastes was observed only for the clinical strain (p<0.05), and were inferior than NaF+Triclosan toothpaste. It could be concluded that, toothpastes containing S-PRG presented higher efficacy in protecting enamel against demineralization and in promoting remineralization, as well as inhibiting the cariogenic biofilm developmen

Efficacy of S-PRG filler containing varnishes on enamel demineralization prevention.

This study evaluated the efficacy of S-PRG vanishes on preventing enamel demineralization. Bovine enamel specimens were obtained, polished and the baseline Knoop microhardness was evaluated. Specimens were stratified into six groups (n = 15), according to the varnish applied: S10-experimental varnish containing 10% of S-PRG fillers, S20-20% of S-PRG fillers, S30-30% of S-PRG fillers; S40-40% of S-PRG fillers; PC (positive control)-5% of NaF; NC (negative control)-no treatment was performed. Half of enamel surfaces were protected to work as a control and varnishes were applied over the unprotected area. A demineralizing pH-cycling was performed, and surface and cross-sectional microhardness were measured. The percentage of microhardness of the treated area was calculated comparing with the untreated area. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p = 5%). All experimental S-PRG varnishes protected against demineralization in relation to no treatment, but S40 was the most effective on the surface. For all depths, S30 and S40 were superior in enamel demineralization prevention than other S-PRG filler concentrations and 5% NaF. It was concluded that S-RPG filler containing varnishes were effective to prevent enamel demineralization. The higher concentrated products were more effective than 5% sodium fluoride on surface demineralization prevention.