ABSTRACT
THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Is to analyze the historical development and current state of the Institute of Commission Forensic Medical Examination of adverse outcomes of health care delivery in the domestic criminal proceedings. The article describes the main historical periods of development, summarizes the main problems and identifies the place of commission forensic medical examination for medical cases in current system of forensic medical activity.
Subject(s)
Criminals , Humans , Forensic Medicine , Delivery of Health CareABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to determine the place of formal logic methods for determination of causality in 'medical cases'. The study was carried out using the dialectical method, as well as analysis, generalization, induction, deduction, comparison, and the statistical method. Using the principle of causality, the authors stipulate that causality is not only a tool of categorical comprehension of the world, but also a form of thinking activity that allows us to directly discover cause-and-effect patterns. The principle of conditio sine qua non is used in conjunction with other methods of formal logic to identify causality. Further dialectical methods of cognition are applied, which involve appealing to the categories of possibility and reality, necessity and randomness, essence and phenomenon, etc. A mistake made at the stage of applying the methods of formal logic leads to an erroneous conclusion on the whole situation of establishing causality. The article demonstrates this with the example of 'medical cases'. The correct application of logical methods of detecting causality does not yet predetermine the correctness of the final decision on the causality. The authors conclude that the forensic expert examines only individual aspects of legally significant causality in the permissible use of the construct of direct causality, and in general the legal assessment of the presence or absence of causality is made in the process of qualification of the criminal situation, involving the establishment of socially dangerous act as an independent component of legally significant causal relationship, the guilt of the person and other elements of the crime.
Subject(s)
Criminals , Logic , Causality , Crime , Forensic Medicine , HumansABSTRACT
Presented the reviews of the recommendations to the forensic community on raising questions when prescribing forensic medical examinations in case of adverse outcomes of medical care is given. Were analyzed 50 decisions of investigators of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation on the conduct of forensic medical examinations in the regional bureaus of forensic medical examination, as well as non-state experts.
Subject(s)
Forensic Medicine , RussiaABSTRACT
Based on the data of benthic surveys of 2010-2012, three benthic communities: a shallow-water community with the dominance of Scoloplos spp., Nucula tennuis, and Scalibregma inflatum; a deep-water community with the dominance of Chaetosone sp.; and a community of mixed sediments, have been distinguished in soft sediments in marine lakes Sisjajarvi and Linjalampi. These communities are typically marine and similar to other communities in shallow areas of the Barents Sea. They mostly differ in a high abundance of the polychaete Scalibregma inflatum and a small number of echinoderms from the communities in other bays of the Barents Sea. The abundance of the polychaete S. inflatum indicates indirectly possible cases of anoxia in Lake Sisjajarvi.
Subject(s)
Aquatic Organisms/classification , Biodiversity , Animals , Aquatic Organisms/physiology , Geologic Sediments , Oceans and Seas , Polychaeta/physiologyABSTRACT
This experimental study using the laboratory animals (rats and rabbits) has demonstrated the morphological and biochemical changes associated with inhalation poisoning with ammonia. Certain regular features of this form of intoxication were revealed. Specifically, the determination of the major biochemical characteristics of blood makes it possible to evaluate the performance of the hepatobiliary and cardiovascular systems. The results of blood pH measurement give evidence of its alkalinization.
Subject(s)
Ammonia/toxicity , Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects , Respiratory Mucosa/pathology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/metabolism , Respiratory Tract Diseases/pathology , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Male , Rabbits , Rats , Respiratory Mucosa/drug effects , Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism , Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically inducedABSTRACT
The authors describe methods of cation-anion analysis of aqueous media by the capillary electrophoresis technique with reference to the detection of the products of explosion and combustion of mixed explosives and pyrotechnic compositions. The possibility to use the results thus obtained for the study of an explosion injury is discussed. Optimal conditions for the separation of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, sulfate, sulfide, chlorate, and perchlorate ions are determined. The efficiency of the proposed methods for the characteristic of the cation-anion composition of the aqueous medium to identify the products of explosion and combustion of mixed explosives and pyrotechnic compounds is exemplified by their application in the forensic medical practice. It is concluded that the above techniques can be used to study explosion injuries.
Subject(s)
Explosive Agents/analysis , Forensic Medicine/methods , Anions/analysis , Cations/analysis , Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods , Forensic Medicine/instrumentation , HumansABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility and effectiveness of using laser-assisted scanning confocal microscopy for the detection of foreign particles in internal organ tissues for the purpose of forensic medical diagnosis of fatal cases of acute and chronic drug intoxication. Lung tissue samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin exhibited autofluorescent foreign particles localized in vascular lumen. Microphotographs and autofluorescence spectral profiles of the examined tissues are presented.
Subject(s)
Foreign Bodies/pathology , Lung/pathology , Substance-Related Disorders/pathology , Female , Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Microscopy, Confocal/instrumentation , Microscopy, Confocal/methods , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
The dynamics of the antigen 8 synthesis in Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. mallei under conditions of their submerged was studied. Differences in the intensity of this antigen synthesis in two pathogenic Burkholderia species were established and the producer strains, most effective with respect to this sign, were selected.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/biosynthesis , Burkholderia/metabolism , Burkholderia pseudomallei/metabolismABSTRACT
Results of a first successful application of a direct photo-induced affinity modification of Tet repressor (TetR(D)) protein with tetracycline within a complex of known three-dimensional structure are described. The conditions of the modification have provided suitable yields of the modified complex and allowed characterization of the modified segments of the protein. The potential of tetracycline as a fine modifying reagent was established. In the complex of TetR(D) protein with tetracycline, the antibiotic modifies at least two segments, Ile59-Glu73 and Ala173-Glu183, which form a binding tunnel for the drug according to the X-ray analysis. These data open possibilities for the use of different tetracycline targets for structural studies in solution.
Subject(s)
Repressor Proteins/chemistry , Tetracycline/chemistry , Amino Acid Sequence , Molecular Sequence Data , Photoaffinity Labels , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
Aminotransferase levels in the peripheral blood serum of African green monkeys were studied after aerosol infection with lyophilized virus preparation. A correlation between aminotransferase activity and other symptoms of hemorrhagic fever was shown. Considerable variations in the features of aminotransferase activity in severe and mild cases of the disease were observed.
Subject(s)
Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Clinical Enzyme Tests , Marburg Virus Disease/diagnosis , Animals , Chlorocebus aethiops , Liver/enzymology , Time Factors , Viremia/diagnosisABSTRACT
A comparative study on the features of the pathogenesis of Marburg disease after parenteral and aerosol infection of green monkeys with a virus prepared from native culture suspension and that after lyophilization was carried out. The changes in the dynamics of the clotting time, the activity of serum aminotransferases, the duration of prefebrile period and survival time were analysed in different cases. No lethality was observed in animals infected with small doses of aerosol preparations.
Subject(s)
Marburg Virus Disease/etiology , Aerosols , Animals , Chlorocebus aethiops , Guinea Pigs , Marburg Virus Disease/blood , Marburg Virus Disease/microbiology , Marburgvirus/pathogenicity , Serial Passage , Time Factors , Viremia/blood , Viremia/etiology , Viremia/microbiologyABSTRACT
The existing and presently planned systems of power supply for an artificially implanted heart and assisted circulation devices are reviewed. A comparative analysis as to their conformability to biological, functional and technical demands placed on the implanted systems is given. In an implanted artificial heart and assisted circulation systems most promising is shown to be the use of nuclear fuel as a source of power and as converters -- that of thermal engines with gas and steam cycle.
Subject(s)
Assisted Circulation/instrumentation , Electric Power Supplies , Heart, Artificial , Electronics, Medical/instrumentation , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Models, BiologicalABSTRACT
The task of designing and providing power supply for an implanted artificial heart (AH) is a many-sided complex problem that includes a number of medico-biological, technical, physical, power-supply and other factors. The analysis of the AH components and the mentioned basic medico-technical requirements permits it to outline the ways and means for a rational solution of this complicated problem. The greatest attention is paid to the analysis of and future prospects for the use of different power sources and methods of power conversion.
