The spectrum of myositis ossiticans in haemophilia.

Myositis ossificans (MO) refers to non-neoplastic heterotopic soft tissue ossification that can have several aetiologies. Broadly it can be classified into three categories based on aetiology [1]. MO traumatica, the most common form occurs secondary to acute or chronic trauma. MO can also be associated with neurological disorders and in rare cases is congenital. The latter (progressive MO) is a genetic disorder in which congenital osseous abnormalities are associated with progressive soft tissue calcification. Despite an increased tendency to soft tissue bleeds, MO has been rarely reported in haemophilia. We treated three adolescents with haemophilia and MO of varying degrees of severity and outcome.

Giant prostatic utricle (utriculus masculinis): diagnostic imaging and surgical implications.

The prostatic utricle is an embryological remnant of the Mullerian duct system. It is often revealed incidentally on voiding cystourethrography in young males undergoing evaluation for possible vesicoureteral reflux. We present the case of a very large prostatic utricle found incidentally on ultrasound evaluation in a 4-year-old boy with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections.

Case report: prenatally detected dumdbell-shaped retroperitoneal duplication cyst.

Enteric duplication cysts are infrequently located in the retroperitoneum. Such cysts are typically spherical or ovoid. We report a retroperitoneal duplication cyst with extension across the abdominal midline in a previously unreported dumbbell configuration. This is the third reported case of prenatally detected retroperitoneal enteric duplication cyst.

Gastric duplication cyst. Scintigraphy and correlative imaging.

Gastric duplication cysts are uncommon congenital anomalies, and examples imaged with scintigraphy are rarely reported in the literature. The authors report an infant with duplication of the stomach, which was extensively evaluated using scintigraphy, ultrasound, computed tomography, and upper gastrointestinal series. The role of multimodality imaging is discussed, and correlative surgical and histologic findings are presented.

Peristalsis in duplication cyst: a new diagnostic sonographic finding.

Ultrasonography is useful in the evaluation of enteric duplication cysts in infants. Typically, there is an anechoic fluid-filled lumen with a double-layered surrounding wall. This case report documents an additional sonographic finding which has not been recorded: peristaltic contractions of the cyst wall. This provides a real-time observation which is specific in the pre-operative diagnosis of neonatal cystic abdominal masses.

Acute monoblastic leukemia presenting with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade.

A previously healthy young child presented with a large pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. The chest radiography was key to the recognition of the pericardial effusion. Cytologic examination of the pericardial fluid ultimately established the diagnosis of acute monoblastic leukemia in the absence of associated clinical or laboratory findings. The pericardial fluid was vital for leukemic cell classification because the bone marrow has hypocellular and non-diagnostic. This presentation of acute monoblastic leukemia is very rare, and in the three previously reported pediatric cases has been associated either with peripheral blasts or a history of preleukemia. When the cardiac configuration suggests pericardial effusion in a previously healthy young child, the diagnosis of new onset leukemia should be considered.

An unusual appearance of an aneurysmal bone cyst of the thoracic spine.

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) have been reported in essentially every bone of the human skeleton. This case report documents a very unusual clinical appearance for this entity: a superior mediastinal mass. Also, the patient underwent multiple imaging studies that demonstrated both common (absence of septations) and unusual (extensive involvement of vertebral body with little involvement of posterior elements) characteristics of ABCs.