ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work is to evaluate bioelectrical retinal functions in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 with normal fundus of the eye. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The pattern electroretinogram test (PERG-ISCEV standards) was performed in total group of 64 eyes of 32 patients suffering from DM type 1 (mean duration of diabetes 9.3 +/- 3.9 years and mean age 23.9 +/- 5.7 years) with normal fundus in routine ophthalmic examination and normal optic disc measured in GDx test. The control group consisted of 62 eyes of 31 healthy age, sex and refractive error matched individuals. RESULTS: In analyzed group of 64 eyes with DM type 1, ganglion cell dysfunction in macular region was observed. PERG test revealed statistically significant amplitude decrease (p = 0.017) and latency increase (p = 0.002) of N95 wave. The most frequent abnormality was increased latency of N95 wave (23%--15/64 of tested eyes). In subgroup of 34 eyes with DM type 1 and with duration less than 10 years, the increase of latency of P50 and N95 waves was observed. In subgroup of 30 eyes with DM type 1 and with duration longer than 10 years, the decrease of the amplitudes of P50 and N95 waves was noted additionally. CONCLUSIONS: In eyes of patients with DM type 1 and with normal fundus, dysfunction of inner retinal layers as well as cone photoreceptors in macular region was observed and registered by PERG test. The PERG test also revealed progression of functional changes in inner retinal layers related to diabetes duration.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Electroretinography , Adult , Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology , Female , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Male , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To estimate the incidence and causes of pseudophakic retinal detachment after cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. PATIENTS: 105 patients (51 females, 54 males, age: 18 -81 yrs) treated because of pseudophkic retinal detachment at the Department of Ophthalmology, Szczecin, between 2000 and 2004. METHOD: Cataract surgery by phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implanation was performed in 105 eyes. Posterior chamber intraocular lenses were implanted in 102 eyes and anterior chamber intraocular lenses in 3 eyes. RESULTS: During four years of follow-up, pseudophakic retinal detachment was observed in 17.3% of eyes. The most frequent cause of pseudophakic retinal detachment was high myopia (16.2% of eyes) and Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy (7.6% of eyes). Diabetes was diagnosed in 10 patients (9.5%). Cerclage with a silicon band (58.9%), scleral buckling (26.7%) and primary pars plana vitrectomy (14.4%) were the surgical techniques used to treat pseudophakic retinal detachment. Anatomical success in 88% of eyes was achieved. CONCLUSION: 1. The most frequent cause of pseudophakic retinal detachment were high myopia and Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy. 2. Retinal detachment surgery had a high anatomical succes rate. 3. Patients with pseudophakia should be made aware of symptoms of retinal detachment because early recognition and prompt treatment result not only in anatomical succes but also in good visual recovery.
