School bus accommodation-relaxing skiascopy.

OBJECTIVE: Accurate estimation of hyperopia and astigmatism is challenging in delayed children. Conventional skiascopy holds rows of increasing power ± lenses vertically in front of one eye. The school bus accommodation-relaxing skiascopy (SBA-RS) design holds child-friendly, lenses +1 to +10D horizontally so that a higher power fogs the nontested eye-relaxing accommodation without cycloplegia. METHODS: Design: Evaluation of diagnostic test. Subjects: Patients undergoing comprehensive eye examination in a pediatric ophthalmology practice. Cycloplegic (cyclopentolate 1%) retinoscopy was compared to dry SBA-RS and Retinomax (Righton, Japan) during pediatric eye examinations. Outcome measures: correlations, Chi-square and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Of 470 patients with a median age 6 years, 238 were under the age of 60 months and 110 had developmental delays. For those with cycloplegic spherical equivalent hyperopia over 0.7 D, median (90% CI) value for retinoscopy was +2.63 D (+0.75, +6.88), for SBA-RS was +2.50 D (+0.50, +6.75) and less for 184 with Retinomax +1.88 D (-1.56, +6.13) but similar despite delays. Astigmatic cylinder SBA-RS +1.50 D (+0.25, +4.00) lagged retinoscopy +1.75 D (+0.75,+4.50) but Retinomax was greater +2.00 D (+0.25, +4.64). Cycloplegic refractive components such as spherical equivalent, cylinder, and J0 and J45 power vectors correlated highly and were near unity with SBA-RS and Retinomax with the latter deviating greater. SBA-RS screened for amblyopia risk factors up to 92% sensitive and 94% specific. CONCLUSION: Accommodation-relaxing horizontal skiascopy very precisely estimates astigmatism power and axis and only lags cycloplegic refraction by about 0.15D in hyperopic patients fairly independent of neurodevelopmental delay. This technique can quickly estimate refraction even in delayed patients potentially reducing some need for cycloplegia. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY: NCT03668067.

Performance of a Quick Screening Version of the Nintendo 3DS PDI Check Game in Patients With Ocular Suppression.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of the PDI Check (PDI Check LLC, Anchorage, AK) near vision screening game to assess monocular acuity, stereopsis, suppression, and color. METHODS: Children and adults consented to perform the PDI Check Quick Screening game following conventional near testing of patched Rosenbaum acuity, Titmus Fly stereo, Worth 4-dot, and Ishihara color. Time to complete each test and preferred method were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 77 patients (5 to 63 years old) attempted all tests. There was a positive correlation between the PDI Check and conventional tests for all visual tasks. Using previously determined instrument referral criteria, sensitivity/specificity was determined for right acuity (67%/91%), left acuity (55%/94%), stereopsis (87%/95%), red-green color (80%/99%), and ocular suppression (58%/98%). Screening time was 202 ± 96 versus 99 ± 42 seconds for the PDI Check and the game was preferred by 87%. CONCLUSIONS: The PDI Check provided a valid assessment of near vision in less than half the time of conventional testing without patches or goggles. This Quick Screening version may help eye technicians and physicians with time efficiency in the frequent task of near visual assessment. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2019;56(4):234-237.].

Performance of the 2WIN Photoscreener With "CR" Strabismus Estimation in High-Risk Patients.

PURPOSE: Accurate estimation of refractive error and ocular alignment is critical for identifying amblyopia risk factors. The 2WIN photoscreener (Adaptica) uses a novel infrared-transmitting occluder wand to quickly estimate intermittent deviations. DESIGN: Reliability analysis. METHODS: 2WIN refraction was compared to dry and cycloplegic retinoscopy and Retinomax. 2WIN "CR" function with wand was compared to cover test. RESULTS: 371 patients aged 6 months to 63 years (median age 6 years) had refraction, and 2WIN yielded high degrees of correlation (Pearson product-moment) on linear regression for spherical equivalent (0.73-0.79), cylinder power (0.78-0.79), J0 vector (0.79-0.83), and J45 vector (0.64-0.67). Similar proportions of 2WIN and Retinomax were within target refraction values for spherical equivalent (70% [216/310] vs 69% [212/310]), cylinder power (94% [154/165] vs 90% [148/165]), and cylinder axis (69% [113/165] vs 71% [118/165]). 2WIN CR higher than 10 prism diopters (PD) correlated with cover test for constant and intermittent deviations (Pearson correlation 0.64-0.71). 2WIN + CR screened for 2003 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus amblyopia risk factors with 68% (965/96) sensitivity and 84% (70/83) specificity in preschool children with 53% (96/180) prescreening probability and 31% (55/177) developmental delays. CONCLUSION: The 2WIN correlated well with examination and Retinomax. The CR function reliably estimated constant and intermittent strabismus higher than 10 PD.