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1.
Environ Toxicol Chem ; 26(12): 2694-703, 2007 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18020694

ABSTRACT

Seaducks may be affected by harmful levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at seaports near the Arctic. As an indicator of exposure to PAHs, we measured hepatic enzyme 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD) to determine cytochrome P4501A induction in Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and Harlequin ducks (Histronicus histronicus) from Unalaska, Popof, and Unga Islands (AK, USA) in 2002 and 2003. We measured PAHs and organic contaminants in seaduck prey samples and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in seaduck blood plasma to determine any relationship to EROD. Using Akaike's information criterion, species and site differences best explained EROD patterns: Activity was higher in Harlequin ducks than in Steller's eiders and higher at industrial than at nonindustrial sites. Site-specific concentrations of PAHs in blue mussels ([Mytilus trossilus] seaduck prey; PAH concentrations higher at Dutch Harbor, Unalaska, than at other sites) also was important in defining EROD patterns. Organochlorine compounds rarely were detected in prey samples. No relationship was found between polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in avian blood and EROD, which further supported inferences derived from Akaike's information criterion. Congeners were highest in seaducks from a nonindustrial or reference site, contrary to PAH patterns. To assist in interpreting the field study, 15 captive Steller's eiders were dosed with a PAH known to induce cytochrome P4501A. Dosed, captive Steller's eiders had definitive induction, but results indicated that wild Steller's eiders were exposed to PAHs or other inducing compounds at levels greater than those used in laboratory studies. Concentrations of PAHs in blue mussels at or near Dutch Harbor (approximately 1,180-5,980 ng/g) approached those found at highly contaminated sites (approximately 4,100-7,500 ng/g).


Subject(s)
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/drug effects , Ducks/metabolism , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/toxicity , Alaska , Animals , Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/analysis , Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/metabolism , Environmental Monitoring , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Liver/enzymology , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/blood , Species Specificity
2.
Environ Toxicol Chem ; 23(9): 2162-9, 2004 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15378993

ABSTRACT

Effects of inhalation of volatilized trichloroethylene (TCE) or perchloroethylene (PCE) were assessed based on the health and population size of wild, burrowing mammals at Edwards Air Force Base (CA, USA). Organic soil-vapor concentrations were measured at three sites with aquifer contamination of TCE or PCE of 5.5 to 77 mg/L and at two uncontaminated reference sites. Population estimates of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami and D. panamintinus) as well as hematology, blood chemistry, and histopathology of kangaroo rats and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were compared between contaminated and uncontaminated populations. Maximum soil-gas concentrations associated with groundwater contamination were less than 1.5 microl/L of TCE and 0.07 microl/L of PCE. Population estimates of kangaroo rats were similar at contaminated and reference sites. Hematology, blood chemistry, and histopathology of kangaroo rats and deer mice indicated no evidence of health effects caused by exposure. Trichloroethylene or PCE in groundwater and in related soil gas did not appear to reduce the size of small mammal populations or impair the health of individuals.


Subject(s)
Dipodomys , Inhalation Exposure , Peromyscus , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Tetrachloroethylene/analysis , Trichloroethylene/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Animals , California , Dipodomys/anatomy & histology , Dipodomys/blood , Mice , Peromyscus/anatomy & histology , Peromyscus/blood , Population Density , Rats , Seasons , Soil Pollutants/toxicity , Volatilization , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
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