Harmonization of anti-doping rules in a global context (World Anti-Doping Agency-laboratory accreditation perspective).

This article provides a review of the leading role of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in the context of the global fight against doping in sport and the harmonization of anti-doping rules worldwide through the implementation of the World Anti-Doping Program. Particular emphasis is given to the WADA-laboratory accreditation program, which is coordinated by the Science Department of WADA in conjunction with the Laboratory Expert Group, and the cooperation with the international accreditation community through International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation and other organizations, all of which contribute to constant improvement of laboratory performance in the global fight against doping in sport. A perspective is provided of the means to refine the existing anti-doping rules and programs to ensure continuous improvement in order to face growing sophisticated challenges. A viewpoint on WADA's desire to embrace cooperation with other international organizations whose knowledge can contribute to the fight against doping in sport is acknowledged.

Measurement uncertainty in anti-doping quantitative analysis for prohibited threshold substances.

The standards of laboratory performance of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)-accredited laboratories are defined in the WADA International Standard for Laboratories and its associated Technical Documents. These sets of rules aim to harmonize the production of valid laboratory test results and evidentiary data as well as the reporting of laboratory analytical findings. The determination of anti-doping rule violations in sport made on the basis of analytical quantitative confirmatory analyses for the presence of prohibited threshold substances, in particular, requires the application of specific compliance decision rules, which are established in the WADA Technical Document on Decision Limits. In this article, the use of measurement uncertainty information in the establishment of compliance Decision Limits and in evaluating the performance of a laboratory's quantitative analytical procedures over time and in relation to other laboratories through WADA's External Quality Assessment Scheme program is reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, a perspective is provided on the emerging challenges associated with the harmonization of the quantitative measurement of large-molecular weight biomolecules.