[Left main coronary artery angioplasty: report of five cases illustrating the current indications]. / Angioplastie du tronc commun: a propos de cinq cas illustrant les indications actuelles.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study is to illustrate by five original observations the various situations where the stenting of the left main coronary artery can be proposed in alternative to aortocoronary bridging with encouraging results in short- and long-term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report a retrospective study relating to five cases with left main disease treated by stenting between 1996 and 2002 at our institution. In two cases the left main stem was unprotected. In two other cases, the left main trunk was protected. And the last case was an emergency stenting for an iatrogenic dissection of the left main coronary artery. RESULTS: The stenting was carried out successfully among the five patients without major in-hospital complication. During the follow-up of 29 months at mean, no death was deplored, and no target lesion revascularization was required on the left main coronary artery (with a left main trunk permeable on three coronarographic controls). CONCLUSIONS: In the light of these results, and basing on the published data, we conclude that stenting for the left main coronary disease may be a safe and effective alternative to coronary artery bypass surgery in particular cases among "selected" patients (refusal or surgical contraindication, protected left main coronary artery, spontaneous or iatrogenic acute occlusion of the left main coronary artery).

[Angioplasty and endoprosthesis of the left coronary artery. Report of a case]. / Angioplastie et endoprothèse du tronc coronaire gauche. A propos d'un cas.

The authors report the case of a 70 year old woman followed up in our Department for ischaemic heart disease since 1991 and admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in November 1996 for unstable angina. Coronary angiography showed significant stenosis of the left main coronary artery, a severe stenosis of the LAD and occlusion of the right coronary artery. Angioplasty of the middle segment of the LAD and left main coronary arteries with implantation of a stent was performed because of resistance to medical therapy and a contra-indication to surgery. Four months later, recurrent anginal pain led to a repeat angioplasty of the LAD with a satisfactory immediate result. The initial procedure on the left main coronary artery was successful and follow up was uncomplicated.

[Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty in congenital pulmonary stenosis in adults. Apropos of 34 cases]. / Valvuloplastie transluminale percutanée des sténoses pulmonaires congénitales chez l'adulte. A propos de 34 cas.

Percutaneous pulmonary valvulotomy is the treatment of choice for isolated congenital pulmonary valvular stenosis in childhood. However, experience of this procedure in the adult is much more limited. Between January 1984 and December 1994, 34 patients with severe or moderate pulmonary valvular stenosis underwent percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty. The age of the patients ranged from 20 to 47 years (mean 22 +/- 4 years). Cardiac catheterisation was performed using the femoral vein in 27 cases and the internal jugular vein in 7 cases. Success was obtained in 28 patients (81% of cases). Pulmonary artery-right ventricular pressure gradient decreased from 113 +/- 35 to 32 +/- 13 mmHg (p < 0.001) after valvuloplasty with one or two balloon catheters. The tolerance of transluminal valvuloplasty was generally good. The poor results were explained by cases of dysplasic valves or of infundibular reactions. There was one death which occurred 24 hours after the procedure. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was obtained in 20 patients, 3 to 36 months after valvuloplasty (average: 23 +/- 13 months). No cases of restenosis were observed. Percutaneous transluminal pulmonary valvuloplasty in the adult is feasible and gives good results which are maintained at medium-term; it has become the treatment of choice of valvular pulmonary stenosis and gives good results which are maintained at medium-term, thereby avoiding surgical valvulotomy.

Third-degree atrioventricular block in a patient under chloroquine therapy.

The first case of chronic cardiac toxicity due to an antimalarial agent was reported in 1971 and since then several cases of heart failure, restrictive cardiomyopathy or atrioventricular block have been ascribed to this family of drugs. We report the case of a 43-year-old woman who developed juvenile chronic arthritis at the age of ten, followed in adulthood by sero-positive rheumatoid arthritis. In 1980 she was put under chloroquine sulfate (hydroxychloroquine was not available) in a dose of 200 mg/d (152.66 mg of chloroquine), with 10 mg/day of prednisone. She developed myalgia and increased skin pigmentation, but disregarded recommendations that these symptoms required discontinuation of chloroquine therapy. She was lost to follow-up, but continued the chloroquine therapy of her own accord. In December 1993, she developed a third-degree atrioventricular block with syncopes requiring implantation of a pacemaker. The rare but well-documented myopathy induced by antimalarial agents can produce early severe lesions of the cardiac muscle, which may have a predilection for the interventricular septum, explaining the risk of atrioventricular block. Although histologic studies were not performed in our patient, the clinical evidence of toxicity, absence of underlying heart disease and fairly young age of the patient pointed to chloroquine toxicity. Periodic cardiac investigations including electrocardiography may be warranted in patients under antimalarial therapy.

[Coronary aneurysm in Behcet's disease. Report of a case]. / Anévrisme coronaire au cours de la maladie de Behçet. A propos d'un cas.

Cardiac involvement is rare in Behçet's disease. The authors report the case of a young patient with Behçet's disease and multiple cardiac complications. The remarkable feature of this case was the presence of a coronary artery (first diagonal) aneurysm associated with multiple venous thromboses. Anticoagulant therapy was changed for a platelet aggregant. Surgery was not indicated because of the fragility of the vessels.

[An experience of lipoprotein (a) dosage in a Moroccan population of 184 subjects]. / Expérience du dosage de la lipoprotéine (a) dans une population marocaine de 184 sujets.

One hundred and eighty-four patients underwent complete lipid analysis (total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins A1 and B, lipoprotein (a)) and coronary angiography, in order to evaluate the discriminant value of the lipoprotein (a). Subjects with non-significant coronary stenoses (< 50% of the lumen) were used as a control group (n = 84). The others were considered to be pathological. The total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured by an enzymatic colorimetric method. The LDL cholesterol was calculated by Friedewald's formula. The apolipoprotein A1 and B were measured by immunoturbidimetry and the lipoprotein (a) by an Elisa. The results showed a relationship between the different lipid levels, especially between high lipoprotein (a), and the severity of the coronary disease. A quantitative and qualitative study showed no significant influence of the other risk factors on the mean lipoprotein (a) level. Gender and age had no influence. Therefore, the higher the lipoprotein (a) level, the greater was the coronary risk, independently of the other associated risk factors.

[Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty of mitral stenosis. Apropos of 17 cases]. / Valvuloplastie transluminale percutanée des sténoses mitrales. A propos de 17 cas.

Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy using balloon catheters was attempted in 17 patients (16 of whom were women) with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis. The patients' age ranged from 15 to 34 years (men 21 years). Functionally, 15 of the patients were in stage III of the New York Heart Association classification, and 2 were in stage II. Sinus rhythm was present in all cases. Slight mitral regurgitation was noted in 2 cases, associated with mild aortic disease in one of them; 3 other patients presented with slight aortic regurgitation. In all 17 cases the mitral stenosis was tight, uncalcified, with flexible valves and little or no alteration of the subvalvular system. One single balloon catheter was used in 11 patients and 2 balloon catheters were introduced simultaneously in the remaining 6 patients. The new therapeutic method was successful in all patients. Following valvuloplasty, the mean transmitral gradient was reduced from 25 +/- 3 to 11 +/- 2 mmHg (P less than 0.001), the mean capillary pressure fell from 26.8 +/- 7.1 to 13.5 +/- 3.7 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and the cardiac index increased from 3.3 +/- 1 to 4.2 +/- 1.2 l/min/m2 (P less than 0.001). The mitral valve area, measured by two-dimensional echocardiography, increased from 1.0 +/- 02 to 2.1 +/- 0.3 cm2 (P less than 0.001). The mitral valve regurgitation observed in 2 patients before valvuloplasty was aggravated, although still moderate, in one of them and remained stable in the other.

[Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty of pulmonary stenoses. Apropos of 35 cases]. / Valvuloplastie transluminale percutanée des sténoses pulmonaires. A propos de 35 cas.

Thirty-five patients with moderate or severe valvular pulmonary stenosis underwent percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty (PTV). The average age of the patients was 12 years (range 4 to 34 years). Sixty per cent were under the age of 10, 20 p. 100 were between 10 and 17 years old and 20 p. 100 between 18 and 34 years old. Systolic right ventricular pressures were greater than the pressures in the systemic circulation in 22 cases. The right ventricular-pulmonary artery pressure gradient was greater than 50 mmHg in 29 patients and less than or equal to 50 mmHg in the other 6 patients. The diameter of the balloon of the dilation catheter varied from 12 to 20 mm in 31 PTV; in the other 4 cases two dilating catheters were used simultaneously to dilate the pulmonary valves. The tolerance of PTV was generally good and the results were satisfactory: right ventricular pressures (RVP) fell from 140 +/- 45 to 77 +/- 25 mmHg (p less than 0.001); the RV-PA pressure gradient fell from 82 +/- 40 to 32.4 +/- 15 mmHg (p less than 0.001) and the ratio of RVP to systemic pressure from 1.2 +/- 0.4 to 0.65 +/- 0.2 (p less than 0.01). Clinical and haemodynamic reevaluation in 19 patients 4 to 16 months after PTV (mean 8.5 +/- 2 months) showed that RVP, RV-PA pressure gradients and RVP/systemic pressure ratios had significantly decreased respectively from 78 +/- 30 to 52 +/- 14 mmHg (p less than 0.001), from 27.7 +/- 7.7 to 21.8 +/- 7.3 mmHg (p less than 0.02) and from 0.6 +/- 0.2 to 0.4 +/- 0.1 (p less than 0.001). Pulmonary valvuloplasty is well tolerated, safe and may reduce the number of patients requiring surgical valvotomy.