[New bioactive compounds of the adrenal medullary layer]. / Novye bioaktivnye soedineniia mozgovogo sloia nadpochechnikov.

The review of new data of the studies of the cerebral layers of eight cardioactive peptide and clieopeptide combinations. Research of the physical-chemical and biochemical properties confirm nonidentity of these combinations to the known bioactive peptides of adrenals. The proteins connecting the factors under exploration have also been discovered, suggesting existence of cardioactive protein-peptide complexes in this region. Based on comparison of the studied chemical and biological properties of these combinations with the combinations of hypothalamic cardioactive neurohormones, in particular, with the neurohormone "C", a conclusion was made that combinations of the two regions are structurally and functionally related. The obtained data can be used in practical medicine for prophylactics and treatment of several cardiovascular diseases.

[Neurospecific cardioactive protein-hormone complexes in experimental myocardial infarct in rats]. / Neirospetsificheskie kardioaktivnye belok-gormonal'nye kompleksy pri éksperimental'nom infarkte miokarda u krys.

The method of radioimmune analysis was used to explore distribution of the cardioactive protein-hormone complexes extracted from oxen hypothalamus in rats with simulated myocardial infarction. The above cardial pathology is associated with devastation of these complexes in cerebrum, in particular, in the cortex of big hemispheres, hypothalamus, and cerebellum (12 to 130 times reduction). Simultaneously, the amount of immune-reactive protein-hormone complexes in some visceral organs and in blood was observed to intensively increase. The observations of 6-340 times of the above complexes suggest that they reach a new homeostatic level of concentration in the peripheral organs and tissue which should increase blood circulation in tissue, and in particular, in the myocardium. High biological role of the above complexes in regulation of the cardial and vascular functions and their anomalous multiplication in cardium enables us to suggest their possible participation of the complexes in reparation of a necrotic zone in myocardium.

[Neurospecific protein-hormonal complexes]. / Neirospetsificheskie belok-gormonal'nyye kompleksy.

New cardioactive protein-hormone complexes (PHC) were identified, and then separated and purified in magnocellular foci of hypothalamus of oxen and some other animals. It was proved that the PHC are specific for nervous tissue, their subsell localisation was studied, concentration and distribution in an organism were identified. It was discovered, that under dissociation of PHC, its high-molecular "apoforms" represent new specific glicoproteins, and the low-molecular combinations related to them in a non-covalent way are glicopeptides with clear cardioactive properties inherent in the respective native PHC. The above glicoproteins are transport molecules for the cardioactive neurohormones of hypothalamus, and are the basis for mediation of the inter-neurone interaction and the finction of intracellular connection. In addition, it was proved that these glicoproteins can exist in the form of preprohormone forms of cardiotropic neurohormones of hypothalamus: "K", "S", and "G".

[The effects of a cardioactive hypothalamic neurohormone on the isolated rat heart]. / Issledovanie vliianii kardioaktivnogo neirogormona gipotalamusa na izolirovannoe serdtse krysy.

On the isolated perfused by Langendorf at heart the cardioactive hypothalamic neurohormone NG3a (2 x 10(-5) g/ml) significantly decreased the coronary flow rate; the effect persisted during 5-10 min, after that the second phase appeared which was expressed by the increase of coronary flow rate. The maximum effect was 122% compared with control. The second phase appeared in 30-45 min after infusion of NG3a. NG3a did not influence the heart rate, but sometimes (7.3% cases) during the maximum increase of coronary flow the bradyarrhythmia was registered. It has been concluded that NG3a influences directly the coronary vessels.

[Coronary-active bovine heart proteins induce relaxation in the rabbit aorta]. / Koronaroaktivnye belki serdtsa byka vyzyvaiut relaksatsiiu aorty krolika.

Seven cardioactive polypeptides have been identified in the precardiac and auricular regions of the bovine heart. Those polypeptides were studied for their action on the function of isolated preparations of the vessel. It has been found that compounds isolated from the precardiac region induce different (20-55%) relaxation of smooth muscles in a strip of the aorta of rabbit. The possibility of formation of endogenic cardioactive compounds in model experiments imitating processing is studied. The data obtained permit assuming and alternatively explaining existence of multiple forms of the mentioned compounds as a result of partial proteolytic splitting of larger molecules.

[Detection and identification of new cardioactive proteins in cattle heart]. / Obnaruzhenie i identifikatsiia v serdtse byka novykh kardioaktivnykh belkov.

Seven cardioactive polypeptides were identified in precardiac and auricular regions of bovine heart. Procedures used for purification of the polypeptides involved extraction of water-soluble proteins, fractionation by ammonium sulfate, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, chromatography and rechromatography on DEAE cellulose. Some physico-chemical and biological properties were studied; amino acid composition, N-terminal amino acids, molecular mass and the effects on coronary blood vessels. The data obtained suggest that multiple forms of these proteins may exist either as a result of partial hydrolysis of large molecules or due to processing of precursors.

[Distribution of neurospecific cardioactive protein-hormone complex in the rat body during experimental myocardial ischemia]. / Raspredelenie neirospetsificheskogo kardioaktivnogo belok-gormonal'nogo kompleksa v organizme krysy pri éksperimental'noi ishemii miokarda.

For more than 25 years the chemistry and the function of the protein-hormonal complexes (produced by magnocellular nuclei of human and same animals) have been studied. The methods of radioimmunological analyses (RIA) for the detection of new neuropecific cardioactive protein-hormone "K" (RHK) in rat organism with myocardial ischemia has been developed. Concentration of PHK in various regions of the brain by RIA a four days after the occlusion of the carotid artery has a sharp decrease. Particularly concentration of PHK decreases 100-fold in the cerebral cortex. At the same time the level of PHK content in the blood increased from 13 +/- 0.85 to 630 +/- 3.9 ng/ml. The maximum concentration of PHK shows a sharp rise in the spleen 200-fold of their original level. This distribution pattern implies that PHK may be of importance for peripheral tissues and to the scarring in heart neurosis zone.

[Regional, cellular, subcellular distribution of neurospecific protein-hormonal complexes]. / Regional'noe, kletochnoe, subkletochnoe raspredelenie neirospetsificheskikh belok-gormonal'nykh kompleksov.

A sensitive radioimmunological assay (RIA) has been developed to detect the tissue specificity and subcellular localization of three specific protein-hormonal complexes (PHC) of the hypothalamus which have a regulatory function in the brain and visceral organs. Using the highly specific rabbit antisera to beef PHC an order of increasing immunoreactivity in different areas of CNS is as follows: hypothalamus, cerebellum, occipital cortex. The PHC-like immunoreactivity (IR) is found in the neurosecretory granules of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (about 30%) and in the synaptosomal fraction (70%). In the myelin, mitochondrial and nuclear fractions the PHC-like IR is not revealed. IR of PHC is 1000-fold higher in the brain than in visceral organs (heart, skeletal muscles, adrenals, pancreas and blood serum). A possible role of the PHC as markers of the neuroendocrine cells is discussed.

[Study of the conformation of neurospecific cardioactive glycoproteins by optical spectroscopy]. / Issledovanie konformatsii neirospetsificheskikh kardioaktivnykh glikoproteinov metodami opticheskoi spektroskopii.

Using selective fluorescence quenching and circular dichroism techniques, the conformation of protein carriers of earlier detected cardiotropic hypothalamic neurohormones was investigated. The experimental results point to essential differences in the structural organization of the above compounds that were designated according to the type of their binding to corresponding hormones as BNH, BNC and BNS. For instance, the circular dichroism spectrum of BNS is typical of proteins that are characterized by a high content of non-ordered structures, a low content of beta-structures and an almost complete absence of alpha-helices. BNC and BNH with nearly the same content of alpha-helical structures are distinguished by the number of "non-ordered glomes" which are more abundant in BNC. These results are in good agreement with the fluorescence quenching data.

[Radioimmunological characteristics of the distribution of hypothalamic glycoprotein--a precursor of cardiotropic neurohormone C--in the brain and viscera]. / Radioimmunologicheskaia kharakteristika raspredeleniia gipotalamicheskogo glikoproteina--predshestvennika kardiotropnogo neirogormona C v mozge i vistseral'nykh organakh.

A radioimmunological procedure is described for estimation of cardiotropic glycoprotein (BNS), isolated from bovine hypothalamus, in various brain structures and some visceral tissues. The rabbit antiserum towards bovine BNS was used at a dilution 1:10,000. Concentration of BNS measured by the procedure in cat hypothalamus and cerebellum was equal to 1.5 ng and 0.84 ng/g of wet tissue, respectively. The immunoreactive activity of BNS was also found in adrenal glands, heart and skeletal muscles; it was not observed in kidney, lung and pancreas. Content of BNS in cat blood was 10 ng/ml. BNS appears to penetrate into circulating blood.

Subcellular distribution of coronary dilatatory protein-hormonal complexes in rat hypothalamus.

We previously reported the presence of a group of coronary dilatatory protein-carriers of the cardioactive neurohormones and precursors of bioactive compounds in the hypothalamus of some animals. Investigation of the subcellular distribution of those proteins revealed their localization in neurosecretory granules and in synaptosomes of the hypothalamus. In further investigation of the regional distribution of coronary-active proteins in different parts of the brain they were found in synaptosomes of the cerebral cortex too. The main location of coronary-active proteins in synaptosomes indicates their participation in synaptic functions.

[Specific hypothalamic proteins]. / O spetsificheskikh belkakh gipotalamusa.

We had previously shown the presence of four protein fractions in hypothalamus of cattle having a coronarodilatatory effect. In this study we have developed methods for the isolation of these proteins and have studied some of their physicochemical properties, amino acid composition, molecular weight, iso-electric point etc. The results obtained have shown that the methods used enable the isolation of quite pure coronaroactive proteins, the content of which in the hypothalamus is equal to 12 mg/kg of fresh tissue. A study of the amino acid composition of these proteins has shown that they are not of the same type. They also differ in molecular weight, in their electrophoretic properties on 7.5% polyacrylamide gel and their iso-electric points. The possibility of a dual function of these proteins as carriers and precursors of corresponding neurohormones is discussed.

[New findings concerning the coronaroactive proteins of the hypothalamus]. / Novye dannye o koronaroaktivnykh belkakh gipotalamusa.

Our previous studies have shown that the two coronarodilatatory hypothalamic proteins isolated by us are not only carriers for neurohormones "K" and "C" but also procursors of coronarodilatory substances. In the present study we have looked at some physico-chemical properties of these proteins through isoelectric focusing and gel electrophoresis as well as the possibility of obtaining coronaroactive fragments by proteolytic enzymes. The results obtained have shown that the isoelectric points of the coronaroactive proteins are between pH 6.2 and 6.4. Polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis has shown that one of the coronaroactive proteins, the carrier of neurohormone "C", moves towards the anode and is homogenous while carrier of neurohormone "K" is made up of two protein fractions. Under the action of certain enzymes (trypsin and pepsin) two coronaroactive fragments are obtained from the "neutral" protein carrier. Such an effect is not observed following the action of pronase and chymotrypsin. The physico-chemical properties of these fragments require further studies.

[New findings concerning cardiac proteins binding the coronary dilating substances of the hypothalamus]. / Novye dannye o belkakh serdtsa, retseptiruiushikh koronarorasshiriaiushchie nachala gipotalamusa

We had previously shown that the protein component obtained from heart muscle by 0.1--0.2 saturation with ammonium sulfate exhibits a coronarodilatatory effect. Later on we succeeded in isolating from this protein complex, through dialysis, two coronaoractive low molecular compounds, one of which is apparently a neurohormone. In the present study we isolated, purified and studied the features of this protein complex. The results of gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 confirmed the presence of two different coronaroactive neurohormone binding proteins in heart muscle. The active fractions have been also purified through ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The purity of these fractions was tested through electrophoresis on 7.5% polyacrylamide gel. In the last stage of purification the active proteins moved towards the anode by one zone.