ABSTRACT
The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System incorporates the use of molecular information into the classification of brain tumors, including grade II and III gliomas, providing new prognostic information that cannot be delineated based on histopathology alone. We hypothesized that these genomic subgroups may also have distinct imaging features. A retrospective single institution study was performed on 40 patients with pathologically proven infiltrating WHO grade II/III gliomas with a pre-treatment MRI and molecular data on IDH, chromosomes 1p/19q and ATRX status. Two blinded Neuroradiologists qualitatively assessed MR features. The relationship between each parameter and molecular subgroup (IDH-wildtype; IDH-mutant-1p/19q codeleted-ATRX intact; IDH-mutant-1p/19q intact-ATRX loss) was evaluated with Fisher's exact test. Progression free survival (PFS) was also analyzed. A border that could not be defined on FLAIR was most characteristic of IDH-wildtype tumors, whereas IDH-mutant tumors demonstrated either well-defined or slightly ill-defined borders (p = 0.019). Degree of contrast enhancement and presence of restricted diffusion did not distinguish molecular subgroups. Frontal lobe predominance was associated with IDH-mutant tumors (p = 0.006). The IDH-wildtype subgroup had significantly shorter PFS than the IDH-mutant groups (p < 0.001). No differences in PFS were present when separating by tumor grade. FLAIR border patterns and tumor location were associated with distinct molecular subgroups of grade II/III gliomas. These imaging features may provide fundamental prognostic and predictive information at time of initial diagnostic imaging.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Glioma/diagnostic imaging , Glioma/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Adult , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/metabolism , Brain/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/genetics , Brain Neoplasms/metabolism , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Glioma/genetics , Glioma/metabolism , Humans , Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation , Neoplasm Grading , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective Studies , World Health Organization , X-linked Nuclear Protein/genetics , X-linked Nuclear Protein/metabolismABSTRACT
In the initial online publication, the values in the last two rows in Table 1 were in the wrong rows. The original article has been corrected.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate saliva and tongue coating pH and also to assess the degree of tongue coating in healthy subjects before and after chewing herbal leaves (tulsi, mint, and curry leaf). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, concurrent, parallel-group study was conducted among 60 volunteer subjects, who were randomly assigned into three groups of 20 each (tulsi, mint, and curry leaf) and were asked to chew five to six fresh leaves of the respective plants twice daily for 7 days. Salivary and tongue coating pH were measured by a digital pH meter and color pH indicators. Data were analyzed statistically using repeated measure analysis of variance and Student's t-test. RESULTS: Mean salivary pH values showed an increase immediately and 30 min after chewing the herbal leaves. A significant difference (P < 0.01) was observed between mint and curry leaf groups immediately after chewing and between tulsi and curry leaf groups (P < 0.05) 30 min after chewing the leaves. Tongue coating pH showed an increase toward alkalinity in all the groups. The assessment of tongue coating showed an increase in scores among tulsi and curry leaf groups, but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Chewing traditional medicinal plant leaves can be considered as safe, effective, and economical alternate options for maintaining good oral health.
