Migratory behaviour of Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), in India as inferred from genetic diversity and reverse trajectory analysis.

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is a major sucking insect pest of rice. This insect has long been considered as migratory; however, its route in India is still unknown. Hence, to find out its migration route genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow of 16 N. lugens populations from major rice growing regions of India was studied based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI). The results revealed a high genetic homogeneity among the populations on the basis of genetic diversity statistics and neutrality tests. There was a prevalence of a single major haplotype across the country. No spatial relevance was found with the genetic structure of the populations indicating presence of excessive gene flow among them. Extensive gene flow among populations was also confirmed with the presence of higher number of immigrants in North, Central, and East India. To further clarify the migration sources, 48 h air-mass reverse trajectory was performed for Varanasi just aftermath of cyclones Amphan and Yaas, which disclosed Eastern/Northeastern states along with Bangladesh and Myanmar as the possible source areas. Overall, the results revealed a single panmictic homogeneous population of N. lugens in India with extensive gene flow as a consequence of their migration. These findings will help in better forecasting enabling efficient regional management of this important rice pest. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03337-6.

Follow-up and management of valvular heart disease patients with prosthetic valve: a clinical practice guideline for Indian scenario.

PURPOSE: Valvular heart disease (VHD) patients after prosthetic valve implantation are at risk of thromboembolic events. Follow-up care of patients with prosthetic valve has a paramount role in reducing the morbidity and mortality. Currently, in India, there is quintessential need to stream line the follow-up care of prosthetic valve patients. This mandates the development of a consensus guideline for the antithrombotic therapy in VHD patients post prosthetic valve implantation. METHODS: A national level panel was constituted comprising 13 leading cardio care experts in India who thoroughly reviewed the up to date literature, formulated the recommendations, and developed the consensus document. Later on, extensive discussions were held on this draft and the recommendations in 8 regional meetings involving 79 additional experts from the cardio care in India, to arrive at a consensus. The final consensus document is developed relying on the available evidence and/or majority consensus from all the meetings. RESULTS: The panel recommended vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy with individualized target international normalized ratio (INR) in VHD patients after prosthetic valve implantation. The panel opined that management of prosthetic valve complications should be personalized on the basis of type of complications. In addition, the panel recommends to distinguish individuals with various co-morbidities and attend them appropriately. CONCLUSIONS: Anticoagulant therapy with VKA seems to be an effective option post prosthetic valve implantation in VHD patients. However, the role for non-VKA oral therapy in prosthetic valve patients and the safety and efficacy of novel oral anticoagulants in patients with bioprosthetic valve need to be studied extensively.

Anticoagulation Management in Patients with Valve Replacement.

Background: Prosthetic valve implantation requires postoperative prophylactic anticoagulation to preclude thrombotic events. The aim of this review is to assess the role of anticoagulation therapy in the management of valve replacement patients. Methodology: Literature from PubMed, Embase, Medline and Google Scholar were searched using the terms "valvular heart disease", "anticoagulant", "mechanical heart valve", "bioprosthesis", "bridging", "Vitamin K antagonist (VKA)", and "acenocoumarol". A committee comprising leading cardiothoracic surgeons from India was convened to review the literature and suggest key practice points. Results: Prosthetic valve implantation requires postoperative prophylactic anticoagulation to preclude thrombotic events. A paramount risk of thromboembolic events is observed during the first three months after surgery for both mechanical and bioprosthetic devices. The VKA therapy with individualized target international normalized ratio (INR) is recommended in patients after prosthetic valve replacement. Therapies for the management of prosthetic valve complications should be based on the type of complications. Special care is mandated in distinguished individuals and those with various co-morbidities. Conclusion: In patients with prosthetic valve replacement, anticoagulant therapy with VKA seems to be an effective option. The role for non-VKA oral anticoagulants in the setting of prosthetic valve replacement has yet to be established. Furthermore, whether the novel oral anticoagulants are safe and efficacious in patients after placement of a bioprosthetic valve remains unanswered.

Genetic diversity studies in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using simple sequence repeat markers.

The genetic diversity among 28 pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes was analyzed using 32 simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 44 polymorphic bands, with an average of 2.1 bands per primer, were obtained. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.657 to 0.309 with an average of 0.493. The variation in genetic diversity among these cultivars ranged from 0.11 to 0.73. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) revealed 2 distinct clusters, I and II, comprising 6 and 22 genotypes, respectively. Cluster II was further differentiated into 2 subclusters, IIA and IIB, with 12 and 10 genotypes, respectively. Principal component (PC) analysis revealed results similar to those of UPGMA. The first, second, and third PCs contributed 21.6, 16.1, and 14.0% of the variation, respectively; cumulative variation of the first 3 PCs was 51.7%.

Pulmonary leiomyosarcoma.

A case of pulmonary leiomyosarcoma presenting as a mass lesion on skiagram chest with low attenuation value on computerized scan is presented.

Primary mediastinal hydatid cyst.

An unusual case of primary mediastinal echinococcosis in a young female presented with non-specific symptoms. On examination, she had signs of Horner's syndrome and mild superior vena cava compression. She was operated successfully. The final diagnosis could only be made on the operating table and confirmed by histopathology. Hydatid cyst in mediastinum is uncommon but because of surrounding vital structures and potential of its complete cure should be explored without delay.

N,N-diethylphenylacetamide--a new repellent for Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera: Blattidae), Blattella germanica, and Supella longipalpa (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).

The residual repellency of N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA) was studied against American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.); German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.); and brownbanded cockroach, Supella longipalpa (F.) at various concentrations. DEPA exhibited residual repellency for 4, 3, and 2 wk against American, German, and brownbanded cockroach, respectively, at a concentration of 0.5 mg/cm2.