ABSTRACT
The translocator protein (TSPO, 18 kDa) is one of the most promising biomarker to understand the role of neuroinflammation in human as well as in different animal species. Here we report a new TSPO-selective ligand 2-(5-(2-(bis(pyridin-2-yl methyl)amino)acetamido)-2-oxobenzo[d] oxazol-3(2H)-yl)-N-methyl-N-phenylacetamide, BBPA, which is supposed to be a potential probe to understand the role of TSPO in neuro-glial interaction through SPECT modality.
Subject(s)
Positron-Emission Tomography , Receptors, GABA , Animals , Brain/metabolism , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Receptors, GABA/metabolism , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonABSTRACT
Quantitative changes in expression level of 5HT1A are somewhere related to common neurological disorders such as anxiety, major depression and schizophrenia. We have designed EDTA conjugated SPECT imaging probe for localization of 5HT1A receptor in brain. For designing SPECT probe we have employed the concept of bivalent approach and a homodimeric system with desirable pharmacokinetics of 5HT1A imaging. 99mTc-EDHT was also evaluated for its stability through serum stability assay and glutathione challenge experiment. Biodistribution study showed the highest accumulation of radioactivity in kidney which depicted the renal mode of excretion from the body. However in brain the uptake of 1.21% ID per gram was observed in initial 5 min of drug administration. On blocking the receptor this percent get decreased to 0.97% ID per gram. The regional distribution in brain was also performed which showed the accumulation of drug in cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus part, which are already known for 5HT1A expression. Dynamic study in rabbit is also in support of results derived from biodistribution and blood kinetics experiment. These finding suggest that 99mTc-EDHT holds promising place for further optimization before nuclear medicine applications in different animal species.
Subject(s)
Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Piperazines/chemistry , Radiopharmaceuticals/chemistry , Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/analysis , Technetium/chemistry , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Male , Molecular Imaging , Molecular Structure , Organometallic Compounds/chemical synthesis , Radiopharmaceuticals/chemical synthesis , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
A number of 5-oxo-1-phenyl-4-(substituted methyl) pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives bearing pyrrolidine ring and methylamino residues in their structure were synthesized as potential antibacterial drugs. The chemical structures of all the compounds were established by their UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, IR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. The in vitro antibacterial screening of all novel compounds was done against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results revealed that compounds 5d, e, f and g showed moderate to good activity against the tested microbes.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Carboxylic Acids/chemistry , Pyrrolidines/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Bacillus subtilis/drug effects , Mass Spectrometry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Structure , Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of spot blotch of wheat, significantly reduces grain yield worldwide. In order to study pathogenic mechanisms of the fungus, conditions for efficient transformation using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation were investigated. To study different stages of hyphal fusion and pathogenic mechanisms of the fungus, two fluorescence markers viz. the red fluorescent protein (DsRed-Express) and the green fluorescent protein (EGFP1) were constitutively expressed. Southern hybridizations confirmed the presence of T-DNA in all hygromycin B or geneticin resistant transformants, and also showed random and single copy integration. Fluorescence microscopy suggested the high level expression of both DsRed and EGFP fluorescent proteins in spores and mycelia. The results signify that DsRed and EGFP can be used as efficient reporter gene for monitoring B. sorokiniana hyphal fusion as well as colonization in the host tissues. This work will be useful to develop methodologies for understanding the mechanisms of Bipolaris-wheat interaction and functional genomics of B. sorokiniana for various applications including insertional mutagenesis, targeted disruption of specific genes, ectopic complementation of loss-of-function strains and over-expression.
