A Systematic Narrative Review on ADIPOQ Gene Variants and its Association with T2DM in the Indian Population.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing in India, even among young adult individuals. Rare adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) variants may be predominantly present in Indians and decrease the circulatory levels of APN (Adiponectin). Studies reported that ADIPOQ gene variants were associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications in the Indian population. OBJECTIVES: To review the association of specific ADIPOQ gene variants with T2DM and its associated complications. MATERIALS & METHODS: A search of Pubmed, Chinhal, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and Google Scholar search engine was performed to retrieve articles by using the following keywords; "ADIPOQ and T2DM", "ADIPOQ and India," "ADIPOQ gene variants and T2DM", "ADIPOQ gene variants and T2DM and India", "SNPs of ADIPOQ gene and T2DM", "SNPs of ADIPOQ gene and India," SNPs of ADIPOQ gene and T2DM and India". Eligibility criteria for the inclusion of articles: Original, Case-Control Study, and Full-Text articles were published in the English language till the end of April 2023. RESULTS: A total of 540 articles were retrieved. Out of this, only 18 articles were found suitable to include in this systematic narrative review. The most studied ADIPOQ gene variants were found to be +10211T/G (rs17846866), +45T/G (rs2241766), and +276G/T (rs1501299) in different Indian populations. CONCLUSION: It was reviewed that ADIPOQ gene variants +10211T/G (rs17846866), +45T/G (rs2241766), and +276G/T (rs1501299) were predominantly present in the Indian population, and decreasing the circulatory levels of APN and significantly associated with T2DM and its complications.

Use of implantable loop recorders to unravel the cause of unexplained syncope.

Syncope is a symptom of many underlying disease states, which range from the relatively benign to the life threatening. There are numerous investigations done for patients with recurrent unexplained syncope which may have very low yield when it comes to making a definitive diagnosis. Recently, the implantable loop recorder (ILR) for continuous monitoring of the cardiac rhythm has been launched in India. This review will briefly discuss these current available strategies and focus on the usefulness of an ILR in the definitive diagnosis and treatment of patients with a recurrent unexplained syncope.