ABSTRACT
The aim of this contribution is to attempt to understand the adaptive functions of father-child rough-and-tumble play (RTP) in humans. We first present a synthesis of the known proximate and ultimate mechanisms of peer-peer RTP in mammals and compare human parent-child RTP with peer-peer RTP. Next, we examine the possible biological adaptive functions of father-child RTP in humans, by comparing paternal behavior in humans versus biparental animal species, in light of the activation relationship theory and the neurobiological basis of fathering. Analysis of analogies reveals that the endocrine profile of fathers is highly variable across species, compared to that of mothers. This can be interpreted as fathers' evolutionary adjustment to specific environmental conditions affecting the care of the young. Given the high unpredictability and risk-taking features of RTP, we conclude that human adult-child RTP appears to have a biological adaptive function, one of 'opening to the world'.
Subject(s)
Father-Child Relations , Mothers , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Fathers , ParentingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: During the perinatal period, partners of mothers with severe mental illness (SMI) play an important role in managing the new baby and supporting the mothers' wellbeing. Providing information via mobile phone on infant care, partner support and self-care may assist partners in their support role. METHOD: Partners (n = 23) of mothers with SMI were enrolled in a partner-focused SMS service sending brief texts 14 times per month for a maximum of 10 months. Partners (n = 16) were interviewed on exit and their responses analysed for acceptability and perceived usefulness of the texts. RESULTS: Partners remained with the programme and expressed high acceptability of the texts. Participants identified effects such as increased knowledge of and interaction with their baby; effective support for their partner; and reassurance that 'things were normal'. Few partners sought support for their own mental health. CONCLUSIONS: Texts supplied to mobile phones of partners of new mothers with SMI may increase partners' support. The texts in this study were acceptable to partners and were reported to enhance a partner's focus on the mother's needs, raise the partner's awareness of the infant's needs, and support the partner's confidence and competence in infant care.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/psychology , Mothers/psychology , Sexual Partners/psychology , Social Support , Text Messaging , Adult , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Interviews as Topic , Male , Mental Disorders/therapy , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Qualitative Research , Young AdultABSTRACT
Reviews of attachment research point to fathers' capacity to provide for a secure child-parent attachment relationship; a suggested mechanism for the development of this relationship may be sensitive and challenging play interactions. This review synthesises research on fathers' challenging and stimulating play by mapping the variation in construct definitions and reporting on the association of fathers' stimulating play with child outcomes. Using search terms such as "father", "stimulating"and "challenging", 26 studies were identified, including 16 longitudinal studies, which assessed the association between father-child stimulating or challenging play, and child outcomes. Five categories of stimulating play were derived from the analysis,ranging on a continuum of activation and complexity. Most studies reported positive associations with children's cognitive, psycho social and physical development. The discussion highlights the variation in the operationalisation of challenging and stimulating play, and suggestions for future research on the function of fathers' play interactions are made.
Subject(s)
Father-Child Relations , Fathers/psychology , Object Attachment , Play and Playthings/psychology , Child Development , Child, Preschool , Cognition , Humans , Infant , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Metacognition , Parenting/psychology , Social BehaviorABSTRACT
The present-day involvement of men in many facets of childrearing stands in contrast to previous eras when men accepted that the major task of fathering was to provide a secure income to support the family. This imperative often required long hours away from the family. However, when men whose contact with children has been limited due to work and cultural constraints retire, their newly acquired lifestyle may bring fresh opportunities for involvement with grandchildren. An important question therefore concerns the impact of caring for young children on men's perceptions of their role as grandfathers. This interview study explores the experiences of 19 Australian grandfathers. The analysis found themes that relate to relationships and change, as well as themes concerning core beliefs and existential questions. The findings demonstrate the potential for insight into family relationships and personal growth in older age when studying the topic of grandparenting and caring from the male perspective.
Subject(s)
Grandparents , Parent-Child Relations , Parenting , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Australia , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The present-day involvement of men in many facets of childrearing stands in contrast to previous eras when men accepted that the major task of fathering was to provide a secure income to support the family. This imperative often required long hours away from the family. However, when men whose contact with children has been limited due to work and cultural constraints retire, their newly acquired lifestyle may bring fresh opportunities for involvement with grandchildren. An important question therefore concerns the impact of caring for young children on men's perceptions of their role as grandfathers. This interview study explores the experiences of 19 Australian grandfathers. The analysis found themes that relate to relationships and change, as well as themes concerning core beliefs and existential questions. The findings demonstrate the potential for insight into family relationships and personal growth in older age when studying the topic of grandparenting and caring from the male perspective.
Subject(s)
Child Care/psychology , Family/psychology , Gender Identity , Retirement , Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent , Aged , Australia , Child , Child, Preschool , Culture , Family Relations , Female , Humans , Infant , Interview, Psychological , Male , Middle Aged , Social ChangeABSTRACT
In the transition to fatherhood, men face numerous challenges. Opportunities to learn new practices and gain support are limited, although the provisions of father-specific spaces such as fathers' antenatal classes or "responsible fathering" programs are important advances. This article explores how men use the social space of a father-specific Internet chat room to learn about fathering. Messages to an Australian-hosted, father-specific chat room (for fathers of infants or young children) were examined, and three overlapping themes illustrated men's perceptions of their transition to fatherhood. The themes concerned recognition of and response to a lack of social space, services, and support for new fathers. The implications for fathers' perinatal education are discussed.
