ABSTRACT
The authors surveyed participants in a National Cancer Institute, or NCI, training program that provides brief tobacco cessation services. They found significant improvements in the frequency with which practitioners ask patients about tobacco use and assist patients in stopping tobacco use. Improvements also were found in the participants' level of confidence and preparedness to help patients quit. Despite some limitations, the NCI training was shown to be an effective program for the oral health care team.
Subject(s)
Dental Staff/education , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Tobacco Use Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Behavior Therapy , Chi-Square Distribution , Education, Dental, Continuing/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nebraska , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tobacco Use Cessation/methods , United StatesABSTRACT
In 1990, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Injury and Poison Prevention issued a policy statement, "Safe Transportation of Newborns Discharged from the Hospital," recommending that hospitals adopt comprehensive policies, procedures and education programs for the discharge of newborns in child safety seats (CSSs). The purpose of this project was to determine if a statewide educational intervention based on the AAP statement would be effective in bringing about those recommendations in Nebraska hospitals. All hospitals providing newborn services in Nebraska were surveyed prior to and after the intervention to determine the nature and extent of their CSS discharge policies, patient education programs and loan programs. Post-intervention data indicate significant increases in the percentage of hospitals having formal infant CSS discharge policies (from 25.9% to 88%), providing CSS patient education (from 51% to 95%), and having safety seat loan/give-away programs (from 59% to 76%). It is concluded that a comprehensive, statewide educational program can influence hospitals to promote usage of, access to, and education with infant CSSs.
Subject(s)
Health Promotion/methods , Infant Equipment , Infant, Newborn , Organizational Policy , Patient Discharge , Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Health Services Accessibility , Humans , Infant Equipment/supply & distribution , Inservice Training , Nebraska , Parents/education , Patient Education as Topic , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Substance abuse during pregnancy continues to be a serious health problem in the United States. Hazards associated with the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs by pregnant women have been documented. The extent to which prenatal drug education is included in school health education has not been addressed. This survey determined the nature and extent of prenatal drug education being conducted by Nebraska school teachers in health-related fields. Educators in public and private schools who teach health-related courses were surveyed. Respondents indicated prenatal drug education is being addressed in a variety of courses. Amount of time devoted to the topic was 2.68 hours overall. Problems associated with providing prenatal drug education included inadequate teacher knowledge and training, lack of appropriate materials, and time limitations in the curriculum. Implications for comprehensive school health education are identified.
Subject(s)
Curriculum , Health Education/standards , Pregnancy , School Health Services/standards , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Nebraska , Program Evaluation/methods , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to identify differences between current smokers and ex-smokers in beliefs about the health effects of smoking. This information will enable educators to design better smoking cessation interventions for diabetes patients. A smoking behavior questionnaire was developed to collect information about demographics, personal lifestyle, and beliefs about smoking and diabetes. Participants were 40 current smokers and 30 ex-smokers located from a patient registry at the University of Virginia Diabetes Research and Training Center. Less than half of the diabetic smokers in the study reported receiving advice to quit from their physician and none of them reported having attended a formal smoking cessation program. Results indicate that demographic and lifestyle variables predict 21% of the variance between smokers and non-smokers in this sample. The group of health belief variables collectively raised the amount of variance that could be accounted for from 21% to 42%. It is recommended that health professionals who provide services to diabetes patients determine present smoking behavior of each diabetes patient, provide firm advice to stop smoking, assess the special circumstances of the smokers, and offer specific smoking cessation programs to meet the unique needs of diabetes patients.
Subject(s)
Attitude to Health , Diabetes Mellitus/psychology , Smoking/psychology , Female , Health Behavior , Humans , Life Style , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking PreventionABSTRACT
By 4 h after i.v. injection of ewes at the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle with colchicine (1 mg/kg), the concentration of progesterone in peripheral plasma was halved while the content of progesterone in luteal tissue was doubled. The ultrastructure of the luteal tissue showed some specific drug-induced changes: microtubules were no longer present and the intracellular transport and secretion of granules associated with progesterone secretion appeared to be inhibited.
