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Clin Exp Metastasis ; 31(4): 379-93, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24464034

ABSTRACT

Primary tumors often give rise to disseminated tumor cells (DTC's), which acquire full malignancy after invading distant site(s). Thus, DTC's may be a productive target for preventing prostate cancer metastasis progression. Our prior research showed that PHSCN peptide (Ac-PHSCN-NH2) targets activated α5ß1 integrin to prevent invasion and metastasis in preclinical adenocarcinoma models, and disease progression in Phase I clinical trial. Here, we report that D-stereoisomer replacement of histidine and cysteine in PHSCN produces a highly potent derivative, Ac-PhScN-NH2 (PhScN). PhScN was 27,000- to 150,000-fold more potent as an inhibitor of basement membrane invasion by DU 145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cells. A large increase in invasion-inhibitory potency occurred after covalent modification of the sulfhydryl group in PHSCN to prevent disulfide bond formation; while the potency of covalently modified PhScN was not significantly increased. Thus PhScN and PHSCN invasion inhibition occurs by a noncovalent mechanism. These peptides also displayed similar cell surface binding dissociation constants (Kd), and competed for the same site. Consistent with its increased invasion-inhibitory potency, PhScN was also a highly potent inhibitor of lung extravasation and colonization in athymic nude mice: it was several hundred- or several thousand-fold more potent than PHSCN at blocking extravasation by PC-3 or DU 145 cells, and 111,000- or 379,000-fold more potent at inhibiting lung colonization, respectively. Furthermore, systemic 5 mg/kg PhScN monotherapy was sufficient to cause complete regression of established, intramuscular DU 145 tumors. PhScN thus represents a potent new family of therapeutic agents targeting metastasis by DTC's to prevent parallel progression in prostate cancer.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control , Amino Acids/pharmacology , Integrin alpha5beta1/antagonists & inhibitors , Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control , Peptide Fragments/pharmacology , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Animals , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Male , Mice , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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