ABSTRACT
We report on four consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease, in whom anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody positive bulbar myasthenia gravis (MG) turned out to be responsible for progressive dysphagia.
Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Disease Progression , Myasthenia Gravis/diagnosis , Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital/diagnosis , Parkinson Disease/diagnosis , Aged, 80 and over , Autoantibodies/blood , Deglutition Disorders/classification , Deglutition Disorders/immunology , Diagnosis, Differential , Dysarthria/classification , Dysarthria/diagnosis , Dysarthria/immunology , Humans , Male , Myasthenia Gravis/classification , Myasthenia Gravis/immunology , Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital/classification , Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital/immunology , Parkinson Disease/classification , Parkinson Disease/immunology , Receptors, Cholinergic/immunologySubject(s)
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/diagnosis , Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/therapy , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Prodromal Symptoms , Spinal Cord/pathology , Spinal Diseases/diagnosis , Spinal Diseases/therapy , Adult , Combined Modality Therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Plasmapheresis , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a multisystem disorder that is caused by infection with Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli. HUS affects mainly children and is rare among adults. This retrospective case series analyzes clinical signs and MR imaging findings of 11 adult patients with HUS associated nervous system involvement during the epidemic EHEC outbreak in northern Europe with its epicenter in Hamburg in May 2011. The most prevalent imaging finding was symmetric pointy vasogenic edema of the brain stem in the acute and subacute phases of the disease (n = 5). One patient exhibited additional symmetric mesiotemporal signal changes mimicking limbic encephalitis. Two patients developed subcortical patchy lesions, and 4 subjects did not present with any signal changes. Remarkably, territorial ischemia, signs of hemorrhage, or blood-brain barrier disruption have not been detected. While brain stem lesions were transient and normalized with clinical recovery, supratentorial lesions did not resolve completely at 2-month follow-up examination.
Subject(s)
Brain Edema/pathology , Brain/pathology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Adult , Brain Edema/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Female , Germany/epidemiology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Developmental venous anomalies (DVA) are congenital aberrations in the cerebral venous system reflecting failure of normal embryogenesis. They are considered the most common intracranial vascular malformation. Although they are generally regarded as benign entities, their clinical significance remains controversial--case reports do exist considering DVA to be the origin of thrombosis, cerebral ischemia, and hemorrhage. We report a 26-year-old patient suffering from thrombosis of a DVA.
