ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Recently adopted new criteria for the diagnosis of HIP as well as the greater prevalence of risk factors could have a significant impact on HIP prevalence. The objective of the study was to assess the rates of HIP and the associated complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of clinical records from pregnant women who delivered in eight tertiary hospitals in Poland in 2016. RESULTS: The number of pregnant women with hyperglycemia totaled 1280 (7.25%), including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in 1169 (6.62%) women and pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) in 111 (0.63%). In addition to dietary modifications, 477 (41% of the GDM group) women received medical treatment (GDMG2). In women with PGDM multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) were used in 53 (47.7%) cases, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions (CSII) in 57 (51.3%) cases and one woman was treated with metformin. The rate of cesarean sections was 69.4% and 62.9% for PGDM and GDM, respectively. Large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants accounted for 38% and 21% of births in the PGDM and GDM groups, respectively. Of note are high rates of hyperbilirubinemia in infants born to mothers treated with insulin (13.5% for PGDM and 14.4% for GDMG2) vs infants born to mothers with diet (GDMG1) (3.4%). CONCLUSIONS: In Poland, the prevalence of HIP has nearly doubled in the past twenty years. Even with appropriate management, HIP is a significant risk factor for a cesarean section delivery, bearing an LGA infant and adverse neonatal outcomes.
Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational , Hyperglycemia , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Female , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Cesarean Section , Prevalence , Poland/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis , Insulin/therapeutic use , Parturition , Hyperglycemia/epidemiology , Birth Weight , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become the reason of the global health crisis. Since the first case of diagnosed COVID-19 pneumonia was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019, the infection has spread rapidly to all over the world. The knowledge gained from previous human coronavirus infection outbreaks suggests that pregnant women and their foetuses represent a high-risk population during infectious disease epidemics. Moreover, a pregnancy, due to the physiological changes involving immune and cardiopulmonary systems, is a state predisposing women to respiratory complications of viral infection. The constantly increasing number of publications regarding the course of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women has been published, however, the available data remains limited and many questions remain unanswered. The aim of this review was to summarize the literature data and adjusted to current recommendations regarding pregnancy care, delivery and postpartum period. An extremely important issue is the need to register all the cases of COVID-19 affected women and the course of these pregnancies to local, regional, or international registries, which will be helpful to answer many clinical and scientific questions and to create guidelines ensuring an adequate level of care for women affected by COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, delivery and during postpartum period, as well as their newborns.
