ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the time it takes for adrenal cortex function in asthmatic patients to return to normal after discontinuation of chronic therapy with systemic glucocorticosteroids (GCs) and to assess the relationship between the duration of the disease, chronic therapy, and the return of the normal adrenal cortex functioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 58 asthmatic patients and 31 healthy volunteers (aged 20-69 years). Adrenal cortex function was evaluated with the Synacthen short test, and determining serum and urinary free cortisol levels after 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 21 months following the discontinuation of systemic therapy with GCs. RESULTS: A decreased adrenal reserve was observed 1 month after withdrawal of GCs in 50% of the chronically treated patients. Adrenal cortex function returned to normal in 55% of patients within 6 months, in 24% within 12 months, and in 14% within 15 months of discontinuation of systemic GCs administration. A significant positive correlation between the time taken for return to normal adrenal cortex function and duration of the disease and of GCs therapy was found. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of adrenal failure may develop in about 50% of asthmatic patients. In the majority of patients treated long term with systemic GCs, adrenal cortex function returns to normal within 6 months following discontinuation of GCs. The time of such return depends on the duration of the disease and of therapy with systemic GCs.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex/physiology , Asthma/drug therapy , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Adrenal Cortex/drug effects , Adult , Aged , Asthma/classification , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Hydrocortisone/blood , Hydrocortisone/urine , Male , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness Index , Time FactorsABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: During haemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure plasma proteins have contact with dialysis membranes. Complement activation is one of effects of this contact. Intensity of this activation depends on structure of material that the membrane is made of, and it is a determinant of hemocompatibility of dialysis membrane. Our studies were designed to evaluate complement activation during haemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure and therefore measurements of concentration of C3c factor in serum of hemodialyzed patients were performed. Furthermore, changes in concentration of C3c factor in serum during first and second use of cuprophan and polysulfone dialysis membrane were compared. An artificial kidney Fresenius 4008E, polysulfone dialyzers F5, cuprophan dialyzers C121 and acetate dialysing solution were used in the study. For the purpose of our study we have selected 10 patients hemodialyzed three times a week for 4 hours (5 of them suffered from diabetic nephropathy and the rest of our patients had chronic pyelonephritis) and 10 healthy subjects. Serum concentration of C3c was measured before haemodialysis, in 15', 60' and 240' minute of haemodialysis; measurement were performed on first and second use (after reutilization) of polysulfone and cuprophan membranes, respectively. C3c concentration in blood samples was measured with special reagent kits (turbidometric method). Statistically significant increase of serum C3c level was observed in studied group of patients in 15th minute of first use of cuprophan dialysing membrane. When values of C3c concentration in patients' serum during 60' and 15' of haemodialysis on first use of cuprophan membrane were compared, it was shown that there was a statistically significant decrease of serum C3c level in 60th minute of haemodialysis. RESULTS: 1. Haemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure is associated with complement activation via the alternative pathway. 2. Maximal activation of complement pathway takes place in 15th minute of the first haemodialysis with use of cuprophan membrane. 3. Usage of the polysulfone dialyzer has no influence on concentration of C3c factor in serum during haemodialysis 4. Polysulfone membranes are characterized with higher haemocompatibility than cuprophan membranes.
