ABSTRACT
This retrospective study evaluated the outcome after intramedullary nailing with the Rockwood Clavicle Pin (RCP) for acute displaced middle third clavicle fractures in adults. Of 84 included patients treated for this fracture 2003-2009, 66 (79%) were evaluated. Of these, 52 (79%) were re-examined, including fluoroscopy, while 14 patients (21%) were evaluated by mailed questionnaire. Primary outcome was Constant score (CS), secondary outcomes included : Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), healing rate at follow up, complications, and cosmetic appearance. Patients were re-evaluated with a mean follow-up of 39 months (range 13-96). Mean CS at follow up was 90 (range 55-100) and mean shoulder function measured with the SSV was 93 (range 36-100). Three (6%) of the re-examined patients had a non-union at follow up. Twelve (18%) had wound problems, with exposure of the lateral part of the pin in five patients (8%). There were no deep infections but seven patients (11%) were treated for superficial wound infections. Breakage of the implant occurred in one case (2%). Treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures with the RCP results in good clinical outcome and a high patient satisfaction with a high healing rate. However, the technique is associated with postoperative complications. Level of evidence : Level IV, Case series with no comparison group. Treatment study.
Subject(s)
Clavicle/injuries , Clavicle/surgery , Fracture Dislocation/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Bone Nails , Disability Evaluation , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
Western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is one of the most significant pests of corn in the United States. Although transgenic solutions exist, increasing resistance concerns make the discovery of novel solutions essential. In order to find a novel protein with high activity and a new mode of action, a large microbial collection was surveyed for toxicity to WCR using in vitro bioassays. Cultures of strain ATX2024, identified as Chromobacterium piscinae, had very high activity against WCR larvae. The biological activity from the strain was purified using chromatographic techniques and fractions were tested against WCR larvae. Proteins in the final active fraction were identified by mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing and matched to the genome of ATX2024. A novel 58.9kDa protein, identified by this approach, was expressed in a recombinant expression system and found to have specific activity against WCR. Transgenic corn events containing this gene showed good protection against root damage by WCR, with average scores ranging between 0.01 and 0.04 on the Iowa State node injury scale. Sequence analysis did not reveal homology to any known insecticidal toxin, suggesting that this protein may act in a novel way to control WCR. The new WCR active protein is named GNIP1Aa, for Gram Negative Insecticidal Protein.
Subject(s)
Chromobacterium , Coleoptera , Endotoxins/toxicity , Insecticides/pharmacology , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Animals , Chromobacterium/genetics , Chromobacterium/metabolism , Endotoxins/genetics , Insecticides/metabolism , Mass Spectrometry , Plants, Genetically Modified , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Zea maysABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Glyphosate tolerance is a dominant trait in modern biotech crops. RESULTS: A gene encoding a glyphosate-tolerant EPSP synthase (aroA(1398)) from bacterial strain ATX1398 was cloned and characterized. The protein is initiated at a GTG translational start codon to produce a protein that provides robust glyphosate resistance in Escherichia coli (Mig) Cast & Chalm. The aroA(1398) protein was expressed and purified from E. coli, and key kinetic values were determined (K(i) = 161 microM; K(m)(PEP) = 11.3 microM; k(cat) = 28.3 s(-1)). The full-length enzyme is 800-fold more resistant to glyphosate than the maize EPSP synthase while retaining high affinity for the substrate phosphoenol pyruvate. To evaluate further the potential of aroA(1398), transgenic maize events expressing the aroA(1398) protein were generated. T(0) plants were screened for tolerance to glyphosate sprays at 1.3x commercial spray rates, and T(1) plants were selected that completely resisted glyphosate sprays at 1x, 2x and 4x recommended spray rates in field trials. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that aroA(1398) is a suitable candidate for conferring glyphosate tolerance in transgenic crop plants.
Subject(s)
3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase/metabolism , Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Herbicides , Plants, Genetically Modified/enzymology , Zea mays/enzymology , 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase/genetics , 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase/isolation & purification , Cloning, Molecular , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Escherichia coli/genetics , Herbicide Resistance/genetics , Kinetics , Zea mays/genetics , GlyphosateABSTRACT
Estudio descriptivo sobre el Hospital Perrando. Se realiza un relevamiento de la construcción y su estado de conservación. Se evalúa el saneamiento básico(agua, residuos sólidos y desechos médicos)estos factores como potenciadores de las infecciones hospitalarias
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/diagnosis , Hospital Design and Construction , Ecology , Health Education/standards , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Solid Waste , Medical Waste/analysis , Sanitation/economics , Sanitation/history , Drinking Water/analysisABSTRACT
Estudio descriptivo sobre el Hospital Perrando. Se realiza un relevamiento de la construcción y su estado de conservación. Se evalúa el saneamiento básico(agua, residuos sólidos y desechos médicos)estos factores como potenciadores de las infecciones hospitalarias
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/diagnosis , /history , Ecology , Hospital Design and Construction , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Sanitation/economics , Sanitation/history , Drinking Water/analysis , Medical Waste/analysis , Solid Waste , Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499 , Health Education/standardsABSTRACT
Estudio de condiciones de trabajo, recursos materiales y humanos en relación a la ropa hospitalaria y al lavadero y propuesta de infraestructura edilicia y de equipamiento para el lavadero del Hospital Perrando con miras a la prevención de las infecciones intrahospitalarias
Subject(s)
Laundry Service, Hospital/standards , Hospital Design and Construction , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Laundry Service, Hospital , Laundry Service, Hospital/supply & distributionABSTRACT
Estudio de condiciones de trabajo, recursos materiales y humanos en relación a la ropa hospitalaria y al lavadero y propuesta de infraestructura edilicia y de equipamiento para el lavadero del Hospital Perrando con miras a la prevención de las infecciones intrahospitalarias
