Infrared Thermometry for Acute Radiation Syndrome in Mice.

Experiment on female ICR CD-1 mice showed that non-contact infrared thermometry can be used for short-term and medium-term prognosis of animal death during the development of acute radiation syndrome. In mice irradiated with X-rays in a dose of 7.25 Gy (LD100/30), the body temperature 1 and 5 days before death was below the normal limit (<36.4°C) in 90 and 50% cases, respectively. The decrease in body temperature closely correlated with a decrease in the mean body weight in irradiated animals (from 24 to 19 g).

[Effect of light-isotopic water on body mass dynamics and hematologic parameters in mice].

Effect of potable water with low content of heavy stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen on body mass and hematopoiesis was studied in intact laboratory animals. Outbred CD-I and first generation hybrid (CBA*C57B)F1 mice exhibited a statistical acceleration of body mass gain as a result of drinking rectified light-isotopic water with ppm 35; stimulating effect was noticed with respect to peripheral blood parameters and condition of the hematopoietic organs. The parameters under study did not go beyond boundaries of the physiological norm.

[Autoimmune processes after long-term low-level exposure to electromagnetic fields (the results of an experiment). Part 4. Manifestation of oxidative intracellular stress-reaction after long-term non-thermal EMF exposure of rats].

This paper presents the results of the study of the effects of long-term low-level exposure of rats to microwaves. Rats were exposed in far field to 2450 MHz continuous wave fields providing an incident power density at the cages of 500 microW/cm2 for 7 hours daily for a total of 30 days resulting in a whole-body SAR of 0.16 +/- 0.04 W/kg. Three groups ("EMF-exposure", "sham-exposure" and cage-control) were formed, each consisting of 16 rats. Circulating antibodies (IgA, IgG and IgM) directed against 16 chemical substances were evaluated in coded serum from each group of rats by enzyme multiplied analysis (ELISA test). An increased amount of compounds resulting from interaction of amino acids with nitric oxide (NO) or its derivatives (NO2-Tyrosine, NO-Arginine, NO-Cysteine + NO-Bovine Serum Albumin, NJ-Methionine + NO-Asparagine + No-Histidine, NO-BTrypnohan + NJ-Tyrosin), fatty acids with small chains, hydroxylated fatty acids, palmitic/myristic/oleic acid, AZE (product of oxidation of fatty acids) was found in blood serum from EMF-exposed rats. As a rule, antibodies to conjugated antigens were seen for IgM, rarely seen for IgG and were completely absent for IgA. The levels of antibodies were higher on day 7 after the exposure compared to those on day 14 after the exposure.

[Autoimmune processes after long-term low-level exposure to electromagnetic fields (the results of an experiment). Part 3. The effect of the long-term non-thermal RF EMF exposure on complement-fixation antibodies against homologenous tissue].

This paper presents the results of the study of immunological effects of long-term low-level exposure of rats to microwaves. Rats were exposed in the far field to 2450 MHz continuous wave fields providing an incident power density at the cages of 500 microW/cm2 for 7 hours daily for a total of 30 days, resulting in a whole-body SAR of 0.16 +/- 0.04 W/kg. Effects of the exposure on immunological parameters in the brain and liver of rats were studied using Complement Fixation Test at low temperature (4 degrees C). Three groups ("EMF-exposure", "sham-exposure" and cage-control) were formed, each consisting of 16 rats. On the 14th day after the 30-day exposure, titers of antibodies against brain tissue were 0.69 +/- 0.08 in the cage-control group, 0.89 +/- 0.05 in the sham-exposed group and 1.19 +/- 0.07 in the EMF-exposed group. The appearance of antibodies against liver antigens was less. The increase in titres of antibodies against brain homogenates in the sham-exposed and EMF-exposed groups could be explained by the stress-reaction of the animals and autoimmunization of organism.

[Antiradiation effects of vaccine Grippol].

The propose of these examination was the study of antiradiation effects of vaccine Grippol (VG). It was determined, that subcutaneous injection VG mice (0.2 ml), hamsters (0.2 ml), dogs (0.5 ml) before 1-14 days of total gamma-irradiation (2.5-8.5 Gy) had positive effect of acute radiation disease. This effect was expressed in increase of survival the mice and hamsters on 30-60%, increase number cells in bone marrow and neutrophiles, erythrocytes, lymphocytes and hemoglobin in blood by comparison with control mice. VG stimulated increase of contents of leucocytes in blood of irradiated (2.5 Gy) dogs.

[Antiradiation effects of lactoferrin].

The propose of these examination was studied antiradiation effect of lactoferrin (LF). It was determined, that subcutaneous injection LF (65 or 300 mkg/kg) guinea-pigs irradiated after 1-14 days after of total gamma-irradiation (2.5 Gr) had therapeutically effect attached to the bone marrow form of acute radiation disease (ARD). This effect was explained in increase of survive the animals with 53.8% to 92.8% and stimulation erythropoiesis, judge by number of reticulocytes and increase neutrophiles (12 days ARD) and lymphocytes (12 and 16 days ARD) by comparison with control animals. LF had no effect attached to intestinal form of acute radiation disease by mice. The injection of LF before total irradiation rats of electrons (energy 25 MeV) in doses 255 Gr decreased expression of some symptom of cerebral form of acute radiation disease: prolong time of beginning convulsive period with 5.7 hours to 14.1 hours and duration of life with 7.7 hours to 15.3 hours. LF had antioxidative activity.

[Antiradiation effects of leucynferon on dogs and guinea pigs]. / Protivoluchevaia éffektivnost' leikinferona u sobak i morskikh svinok.

In experiments with two species of animals (dogs, guinea pigs) irradiated with sublethal and lethal doses of gamma-rays, it was observed, that leucynferon had antiradiation effect. Course of injections: dogs--8 injections subcutaneus: 2.0 ml (1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 14, 21, 34 days after irradiation); guinea pigs--14 injections subcutaneus, 0.2 ml (1-14 days after irradiation). Therapeutical effect was explained by capacity of the preparation to defend the hemopoietic organs from the radiation and to stimulate hemopoiesis. Leucynferon hindered the development of acute radiation sickness symptoms. Immunoreactivity of dogs and guinea pigs in experimental group was more complete and restored faster. The growth of the automicroflora on the skin was restrained. Production of interferon-gamma (which is a function of T-lymphocytes) was restored faster.

[Radiation damage to the hemopoietic system of mice, carriers of the leukemia virus]. / Radiatsionnoe porazhenie sistemy gemopoéza u myshei--nositelei virusa leikoza.

The experiments with AKR mice, that are carriers of the T-cell leukemia virus showed their higher radiosensitivity as compared to (CBA x C57Bl)F1 mice in respect of survival and hemopoietic status. The regular patterns observed are presumed to result from lower ability of AKR mice to repair radiation damage and provide resistance to infections.

[Therapeutic antiradiation properties of leukinferon]. / Protivoluchevye terapevticheskie svoistva leikinferona,

In experiments with three species of animals (mice, rabbits, monkeys) irradiated with sublethal and lethal doses of gamma-irradiation, it was observed, that leukinferon used in 4 hours or 10 days after provided antiradiation therapeutical effect. When lethal dose was used (mice) the survival of animals was significantly increased. The preparation decreased depression of the functional activity of leukocytes as it was observed with IFH-alpha and gamma-production. Pestoring this function was accelerated. Phenomena pancytopenia and thrombocytopenia induced by radiation were decreased. Therapeutical effect was explained with capacity of the preparation to defence the hemopoietic organs from the radiation and to stimulate hematopoiesis. So, spleen weights and quantity of cells into bone marrow were higher in experimental group in comparison with control at any observation. CFUs were also higher (with optimal dose of preparation). Stimulation of the restoring processes was confirmed also by more intensive increasing of the reticulocyte quantities in the circulation of experimental monkeys within 20 days. Then their level became more close in both groups. The preparation stimulated also differentiation of immune effectors: immature neutrophils were absent in the circulation of experimental monkeys. Production of IFN-gamma (which is function of T-lymphocytes) was restored more fast. As a result, immunoreactivity of monkeys in experimental group was more complete and restored faster: the growth of the automicroflora on the skin surface became to increase 7 days later and was restrained. Leukinferon hindered the development of acute radiation sickness symptoms.

[The radioprotective and interferonogenic properties of influenza vaccine]. / Radioprotektivnye i interferonogennye svoistva grippoznoi vaktsiny.

Different methods of prophylactic treatment with influenza virus vaccine increase survival of irradiated mice and hamsters by 25-55% as compared to unprotected ones. Higher radioresistance occurs in the same time intervals as a rise of interferon in the blood after immunization with influenza virus vaccine.

[Immunopharmacological analysis of secondary postradiation immunodeficiency]. / Immunofarmakologicheskii analiz vtorichnogo postluchevogo immunodefitsita.

A model for secondary postradiation immunodeficiency of mice has been used to compare immunocorrective activities of some new immunomodulators (arbidol, cagocel, myelopid, proleukinferon and fragmine) administered at late times (2-3 months) after exposure to a nonlethal radiation dose (4.0 Gy). The highest immunocorrective effect has been shown with fragmine and proleukinferon.

[Effect of bacterial preparations on the hematopoiesis of irradiated animals]. / Vliianie bakterial'nykh preparatov na gemopoéz obluchennykh zhivotnykh.

It was shown in experiments with mice and dogs that bacterial preparations (vaccinum proteus, prodigiosanum, bificolum and bificolum-f) administered before or after gamma-irradiation have a stimulating effect on hemopoiesis. It is supposed that bacterial polysaccharides play an important role in this action.

[The effect of prolonged gamma irradiation at a decreasing dose rate on survivability and gene mutation induction in cultured Chinese hamster cells]. / Vliianie protiazhennogo gamma-oblucheniia so spadaiushchei moshchnost'iu dozy na vyzhivaemost' i induktsiiu gennykh mutatsii v kul'tiviruemykh kletkakh kitaiskogo khomiachka.

Continuous gamma irradiation at decreasing dose rate was shown to be less effective than acute exposure with regard to the lethal effect and frequency of mutations of resistance to 6-thioguanine in cultured Chinese hamster cells. The cell population subjected to continuous irradiation was more radioresistant than the intact one. Lethal and genetic effects of continuous irradiation at decreasing dose rate were mainly determined by the contribution of the radiation dose received during the first 24 h of exposure.

[Mutations of resistance to 6-thioguanine following roentgen irradiation and subsequent treatment with cytosine arabinoside combined with hydroxyurea in Chinese hamster cells in the G1 phase]. / Mutatsii rezistentnosti k 6-tioguaninu posle rentgenovskogo oblucheniia i posleduiushchei obrabotki tsitozinarabinozidom v sochetanii s oksimochevinoi kletok kitaiskogo khomiachka v G1 faze.

A study was made of the effect of two-hour treatment of Chinese hamster cells with cytosine arabinoside (AraC) combined with hydroxyurea (HU) at the G1 phase of the cell cycle on lethal and mutagenic effects of X-radiation (50 to 400 cGy). The inhibitors were shown to increase a spontaneous mutation level of the resistance to 6-thioguanine: this increase augmented by 3 times as the time the treatment increased from 1-2 to 6 h. However, while sharply enhancing the inactivating effect of X-radiation (the enhancement coefficient was 2.6) Arac+HU caused an additive, or a somewhat lesser, effect as estimated by the yield of mutations. It is suggested that AraC combined with hydroxyurea fail to modify the radiation-induced premutation damages.

[Cytogenetic effect of irradiation and subsequent cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea treatment on Chinese hamster cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle]. / Tsitogeneticheskii éffekt oblucheniia i posleduiushchei obarbotki tsitozinarabinozidom i oksimochevinoi kletok kitaiskogo khomiachka v G1-faze kletochnogo tsikla.

A two-hour treatment of Chinese hamster cells at the G1 stage of the cell cycle with arabinoside cytosine combined with hydroxyurea after X-irradiation (50-300 cGy) produced a 2- to 4-fold increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations. The mitotic selection method was used to synchronize the cells. The potentiating effect of the inhibitors, that was estimated by the yield of centric exchanges, decreased with increasing radiation dose. It is suggested that DNA repair processes determining a linear component of the dose-response curve are modified within the dose-range under study.