ABSTRACT
Mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV)/neu transgenic mice develop clonal or oligoclonal mammary tumours stochastically. The pathology of these tumours is very similar to that of human breast tumours. Moreover, these mouse tumours metastasize in the lungs. We present evidence that this mouse model of human breast tumours can be instrumental in identifying novel genes of two distinct classes (activated oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes) which may collaborate with the c-erbB-2/neu transgenic oncogene.
Subject(s)
Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics , Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics , Animals , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Female , Genes, Tumor Suppressor , Humans , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/virology , Mice , Mice, TransgenicABSTRACT
Nonspecific abdominal pain is a significant problem in the pediatric population, and there has been much recent interest in the role that Helicobacter pylori (HP) might play in this disorder. A retrospective review was conducted at our center to determine its prevalence among children with otherwise undiagnosed abdominal pain. The study was conducted over a 45-month period during which 47 patients underwent gastroscopy and antral biopsies in the workup of this problem. Of the 37 patients who did not have a history of acid-pepsin disease (APD), only one (2.7%) tested positive for HP. In contrast, of the 10 who had a history of APD, three (30%) tested positive (P < .03). There were no distinguishing features among the HP-positive patients except for the presence of associated antral gastritis. Based on the current endoscopic results, of the nine patients with current evidence of APD, four (44%) were positive for HP; of the other 38 patients, none was positive for HP. Therefore, HP appears to be associated with antral gastritis, and HP does not play a role in nonspecific abdominal pain in this population.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Pain/microbiology , Helicobacter Infections/complications , Helicobacter pylori , Adolescent , Child , Female , Gastritis/diagnosis , Gastritis/microbiology , Gastroscopy , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Pyloric Antrum/pathology , Recurrence , Retrospective StudiesSubject(s)
Diarrhea, Infantile/therapy , Diarrhea/therapy , Fluid Therapy , Acute Disease , Child, Preschool , Humans , InfantSubject(s)
Lymphangiectasis, Intestinal/diagnosis , Malabsorption Syndromes/diagnosis , Protein-Losing Enteropathies/diagnosis , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/diagnosis , Adolescent , Anemia, Macrocytic/diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Intestinal Absorption , Intrinsic Factor/metabolism , Male , Proteinuria/etiology , Vitamin B 12/metabolism , Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/pathologyABSTRACT
Malnutrition contributes substantially to the severity and morbidity of inflammatory bowel disease in children. Causes of malnutrition include decreased oral intake, excessive nutrient losses, increased nutritional requirements and malabsorption. Nutritional therapy is used to correct specific deficiencies, delayed growth and puberty, and as primary therapy to achieve total bowel rest in patients with disease that is resistant to conventional medical treatment. Total parenteral nutrition has been used successfully in patients with nonfistulous Crohn's disease and in those with retarded growth. Results are not as encouraging in patients who have Crohn's disease with fistula and in patients with ulcerative colitis. Continuous elemental enteral nutrition seems promising, but more controlled studies are needed to assess critically the value of this form of therapy.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative/diet therapy , Crohn Disease/diet therapy , Adolescent , Child , Food, Formulated , HumansSubject(s)
Breast Feeding , Attitude , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulins , Lactation , Milk, Human/analysis , Milk, Human/immunology , PregnancyABSTRACT
After receiving milk-based formula for one week, 16 preterm infants, weighing 1,300 to 1,800 gm, were fed two isocaloric formulas containing either medium-chain or long-chain triglycerides for 15 days; the alternate formula was given for a second period of identical duration. While receiving MCT, the infants had greater (P smaller than 0.01) percent fat absorption (83.4 leads to 97.1%) and weight gain (7.5 leads to 11.5 gm/kg/100 calories). Because metabolic acidosis occurred with the LCT formula, the chloride content was adjusted to that of the MCT were confirmed and, in addition, there was a higher (P smaller than .01) percent retention of nitrogen (67.3 leads to 82.1).
Subject(s)
Infant, Premature, Diseases/diet therapy , Lipid Metabolism , Malabsorption Syndromes/diet therapy , Triglycerides/therapeutic use , Body Weight , Celiac Disease/diet therapy , Celiac Disease/etiology , Dietary Carbohydrates , Dietary Fats , Dietary Proteins , Feces/analysis , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intestinal Absorption/drug effects , Malabsorption Syndromes/complications , Malabsorption Syndromes/metabolism , Nitrogen/analysis , Nitrogen/metabolism , Nitrogen/urine , Triglycerides/pharmacologySubject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Bacteroides/immunology , Escherichia coli/immunology , Infant, Newborn , Milk, Human/immunology , Animals , Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose , Chromatography, Gel , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Colostrum/analysis , Humans , Immunodiffusion , Immunoglobulin A/analysis , Iodine Radioisotopes , Milk, Human/analysis , Rabbits/immunology , Radioimmunoassay , Umbilical Cord/immunologyABSTRACT
Methods were devised to standardize cardiopulmonary radiographs of infants and children. With these techniques, films can be taken either at the end of inspiration and in systole, or at the end of inspiration alone. A statistical evaluation of these two methods demonstrated their superiority over the usual procedure. The use of these techniques is strongly recommended in patients of the pediatric age group.