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Biochem Pharmacol ; 68(11): 2107-16, 2004 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15498501

ABSTRACT

The indolequinone compound EO9 has good pharmacodynamic properties in terms of bioreductive activation and selectivity for either NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1)-rich aerobic or NQO1-deficient hypoxic cells. However, its pharmacokinetic properties are poor and this fact is believed to be a major reason for EO9's lack of clinical efficacy. The purpose of this study was to develop quinone-based bioreductive drugs that retained EO9's good properties, in terms of bioreductive activation, but have improved pharmacokinetic properties. Out of 11 naphthoquinone compounds evaluated, 2-aziridinyl-5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (compound 2), 2,3-bis(aziridinyl)-5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (compound 3), and 2-aziridinyl-6-hydroxymethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (compound 11) were selected for further evaluation based on good substrate specificity for NQO1 and selectivity towards NQO1-rich cells in vitro. Compound 3 was of particular interest as it also demonstrated selectivity for NQO1-rich cells under hypoxic conditions. Compound 3 was not metabolised by murine whole blood in vitro (in contrast to compounds 2, 11 and EO9) and pharmacokinetic studies in non-tumour-bearing mice in vivo (at the maximum soluble dose of 60 mg kg(-1) administered intraperitoneally) demonstrated significant improvements in plasma half-life (16.2 min) and AUC values (22.5 microM h) compared to EO9 (T(1/2) = 1.8 min, AUC = 0.184 microM h). Compound 3 also demonstrated significant anti-tumour activity against H460 and HCT-116 human tumour xenografts in vivo, whereas EO9 was inactive against these tumours. In conclusion, compound 3 is a promising lead compound that may target both aerobic and hypoxic fractions of NQO1-rich tumours and further studies to elucidate its mechanism of action and improve solubility are warranted.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/metabolism , Naphthoquinones/pharmacology , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Aziridines/metabolism , Aziridines/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Drug Stability , Female , Humans , Hypoxia/metabolism , Indolequinones/metabolism , Indolequinones/pharmacology , Mice , Naphthoquinones/metabolism , Naphthoquinones/pharmacokinetics , Naphthoquinones/therapeutic use , Neoplasm Transplantation , Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Substrate Specificity , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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