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1.
Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med ; 40(2): 100832, 2021 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33744494

ABSTRACT

Posterior Lumbar plexus block (PLPB) combined with an ipsilateral sacral plexus block is a valuable anaesthetic technique in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. PLPB is performed through the acoustic window of the lumbar ultrasound trident and the position of the needle tip, before injection of LA, was confirmed by observing quadriceps femoris muscle contraction to peripheral nerve stimulation (i.e., dual guidance). We report an uncommon cause of nerve stimulator malfunction that might impair block performance and promote complications. We add an algorithm to limit the risk of complications.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Conduction , Nerve Block , Algorithms , Anesthetics, Local , Humans , Lumbosacral Plexus/diagnostic imaging , Nerve Block/adverse effects , Ultrasonography , Ultrasonography, Interventional
2.
Br J Anaesth ; 123(2): e343-e349, 2019 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31130273

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Both the adductor canal block (ACB) and local infiltration analgesia (LIA) are effective analgesic techniques after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but they have never been compared head-to-head. This randomised controlled triple-blinded trial tested the hypothesis that ACB provides superior analgesia to LIA after ACL reconstruction, with additional focus on postoperative functional outcomes. METHODS: Of 104 enrolled ACL reconstruction patients receiving general anaesthesia, 52 were randomly allocated to either ACB under ultrasound guidance or LIA. For each intervention, ropivacaine 0.5%, 20 ml was injected. Postoperative pain treatment followed a predefined protocol with i.v. patient-controlled morphine, paracetamol, and ibuprofen. The primary outcome was cumulative i.v. morphine consumption at 24 h after operation. Secondary pain-related outcomes included resting and dynamic pain scores (numeric rating scale out of 10) measured 2, 24, and 48 h after operation and cumulative i.v. morphine consumption 2 and 48 h after operation. Early function-related outcomes evaluated were quadriceps strength, walking distance, and range of motion, all measured 24 and 48 h after operation. Late function-related outcomes were concentric quadriceps strength, single-hop test, triple-hop test, cross-over test, and Y balance test, measured at 4 and 8 postoperative months. RESULTS: Cumulative i.v. morphine consumption at 24 h was similar between groups (ACB group: 17.1 mg [95% confidence interval, CI: 13.1, 21.2]; LIA group: 17.7 mg [95% CI: 13.2, 22.6], P=0.84). Similarly, no differences between groups were seen in the secondary pain- or function-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: ACB and LIA result in equivalent postoperative opioid consumption with similar impact on postoperative pain scores and functional outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02524652.


Subject(s)
Analgesia/methods , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction , Nerve Block/methods , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Acetaminophen/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Adult , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/therapeutic use , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Ibuprofen/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Morphine/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
3.
Am J Sports Med ; 45(3): 578-583, 2017 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27836905

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) is an effective analgesic treatment after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction but may result in transient femoral nerve injuries and quadriceps muscle weakness, which in turn contribute to worsened functional outcomes. PURPOSE: To compare electrophysiological criteria of a femoral nerve injury as well as functional and pain-related outcomes after ACL reconstruction when analgesia was provided by a CFNB or intravenous patient-controlled analgesic of morphine (IV PCA). STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: A total of 74 patients scheduled for ACL reconstruction were randomized to receive a CFNB before surgery, followed by a ropivacaine infusion for 2 days and oxycodone, or IV PCA. The primary outcome was the rate of femoral nerve injuries at 4 weeks postoperatively, defined as a reduction of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) area from the vastus medialis muscle after supramaximal femoral nerve stimulation at the groin, associated with an absent H-reflex of the femoral nerve and signs of vastus medialis muscle denervation. Secondary functional outcomes were quadriceps muscle strength, active flexion range, and distance walked, as measured on postoperative days 1 and 2. Secondary pain-related outcomes were IV morphine consumption and pain scores at rest and on movement in phase 1 recovery and on postoperative days 1 and 2. RESULTS: No patients met the electrophysiological criteria of a femoral nerve injury. The mean CMAP area at 4 weeks was equivalent in both the CFNB and IV PCA groups (47 ± 16 mV·ms and 51 ± 13 mV·ms, respectively; P = .50). While no differences were detected in functional outcomes or pain scores, the consumption of an IV morphine equivalent was reduced by the administration of a CFNB in phase 1 recovery (6 ± 5 mg and 13 ± 7 mg, respectively; P = .0003), on postoperative day 1 (6 ± 7 mg and 19 ± 17 mg, respectively; P = .0005), and on postoperative day 2 (11 ± 10 mg and 19 ± 17 mg, respectively; P = .03) compared with an IV PCA. CONCLUSION: Despite prior contrary reports, a CFNB did not result in femoral nerve injuries or worsened functional outcomes after ACL reconstruction. The improvement of analgesia with a CFNB was only marginal and not clinically relevant beyond 24 hours. Registration: NCT01321138 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).


Subject(s)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction , Femoral Nerve/injuries , Femoral Neuropathy/physiopathology , Nerve Block , Pain/physiopathology , Recovery of Function/physiology , Administration, Intravenous , Adult , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/adverse effects , Electrophysiological Phenomena , Female , Femoral Nerve/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Morphine/administration & dosage , Single-Blind Method , Young Adult
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