[The characteristics of the development of immunity with a primary immunization complex using adsorbed DTP vaccine]. / Osobennosti formirovaniia immuniteta pri pervichnom komplekse immunizatsii AKDS-vaktsinoi.

The intensity of immunity, depending on immune response variants characterized by the definite composition of the T and B lymphocyte subpopulation in peripheral blood, was studied in 70 practically healthy young children after the primary complex of immunization with adsorbed DPT vaccine. The most stable immune reaction was shown to appear in children with the hyperergic and normoergic variants of immune response to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, while the reaction to pertussis antigen was essentially weaker both after the second vaccination and after the first revaccination. In children with the hypoergic variant of immune response to all components of adsorbed DPT vaccine the resulting immune reaction was 2.5-3 times weaker than in children of other groups.

[Characteristics of immune response to diphtheria anatoxin in children with different immune status during the second age-scheduled revaccination]. / Osobennosti formirovaniia immunnogo otveta na difteriinyi anatoksin u detei s raznym immunnym statusom pri vtoroi vozrastnoi revaktsinatsii.

The dynamics of the intensity of specific antidiphtheria immunity after the second age-scheduled revaccination was studied in 129 practically healthy children. The study revealed that the formation of immunity depended on the initial functional state of the immune system before the injection of diphtheria toxoid. Three variants of immune response were determined and the immune status corresponding to each of these variants was characterized. As shown in this study, children with the hyperergic character of immune response were characterized by relatively high initial titers of antitoxin, and the injection of an additional dose of the antigen led to the prolonged state of hyperimmunization with the subsequent decrease of the intensity of immunity by half, registered in the catamnestic observation for 4 years. Children with the hypo- and normoergic variants of immune response were characterized by the most stable immune response to diphtheria toxoid, and during the catamnestic observation they formed the levels of antibody titers 2.5- to 3-fold higher than before immunization. But the protection characteristics in children with the third variant were the lowest among the children under study.

[Possibilities of the use of parameters of membrane assembly of immunoglobulin receptors of B-lymphocytes in the differential diagnosis of intestinal diseases in children]. / Vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniia pokazatelei protsessa membrannoi sborki immunoglobulinovykh retseptorov B-limfotsitov v differentsial'noi diagnostike zabolevanii kishechnika u detei.

Children with different forms of enteric malabsorption were examined using an original method for assessing the parameters of the process of membrane assembling for immunoglobulin receptors of B-lymphocytes, which helps single out several additional criteria for the differential diagnosis of variants of the malabsorption syndrome. The authors consider the phase coefficients characterizing each stage and the general coefficient reflecting the regularities of the kinetics of membrane assembly of receptors in general to be the most essential. Use of this method in pediatrics offers new potentialities in the differential diagnosis, prediction of disease course, and monitoring of the treatment efficacy.

Suppression of anaphylactic shock in sensitized guinea pigs by cytochalasin D.

A new highly effective pathogenetic therapy for anaphylactic reaction in vivo has been suggested. Forty-three guinea pigs, presensitized with horse serum and divided into two groups, were injected intracardially with 1 ml of 1.6 x 10(-4) M cytochalasin D and 1 ml of 1.6 x 10(-5) M cytochalasin D in DMSO solution at various times before being challenged with the serum. Experimental data not only showed that anaphylactic reaction can be suppressed in vivo by blocking cytoskeletal activity but also demonstrated different pharmacodynamic characteristics of cytochalasin D on clinical course, gravity and outcome of anaphylactic shock in sensitized guinea pigs, depending on the interval between administration of the drug and allergen.

[Types of immunocompetent cell reactions in in vitro loading tests in healthy children]. / Tipy reagirovaniia immunokompetentnykh kletok v nagruzochnykh testakh in vitro u zdorovykh detei.

Lymphocyte reactivity was assessed with various surface antigens detectable by Russian monoclonal antisera by indirect immunofluorescence in peripheral blood samples from 40 healthy children in vitro in loading tests. Values of a coefficient reflecting individual reactivity of immunocompetent cells with surface antigens CD5, CD4, and CD8 corresponding to type II reaction were found characteristic of children whatever their age or sex. The results may be used as reference values in examinations of children with various diseases.

[Nature of the reaction of the immunocompetent cells in children with nephrotic syndrome and in their parents with different HLA phenotypes]. / Kharakter reaktsii immunokompetentnykh kletok u detei s nefroticheskim sindromom i u ikh roditelei pri razlichnykh fenotipakh HLA.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the character of the expression of the blood lymphocyte epitopes SD4, SD8 (EBLE SD4, SD8) in a series of the loading in-vitro tests in children suffering from the nephrotic syndrome, with different HLA haplotypes. Nine children with the hormone-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (HSNS) and hormone-resistant nephrotic syndrome (HRNS) and 11 parents were examined. Before and after the in-vitro loading with medicamentous agents EBLE SD4, SD8 were determined by flow cytofluorometry, while HLA antigens were tested by the standard micro-lymphocytotoxic method. The studies allowed revealing differences in the responses of EBLE SD8 to the in-vitro loading in children with the HRNS and HSNS. The character of EBLE SD4, SD8 in a child with the NS and its parents may attest to the involvement of those antigens in the pathogenetic component of the given disease.

Suppression of anaphylactic shock in sensitized guinea pigs by cytochalasin B.

Twenty-three guinea pigs, presensitized with horse serum, were injected intracardially with 1 ml of 1.5 X 10(-4) M cytochalasin B in a 2.5% dimethyl sulfoxide solution, 1.5 h before being challenged with the serum. Eighteen of the guinea pigs (80%) survived. A single intracardiac injection of cytochalasin B to the control group of guinea pigs at 1.5 h before administration of the allergen did not prevent their sensitization and death following challenge.

[Dynamics of inherent interactions between the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation in premature infants with suppurative-inflammatory diseases]. / Dinamika vnutrennego vzaimodeistviia mezhdu klassicheskim i al'ternativnym putiami aktivatsii sistemy komplementa u nedonoshennykh novorozhdennykh pri gnoino-vospalitel'nykh zabolevaniiakh.

Altogether 57 premature infants were examined. Of these, 15 presented with neonatal sepsis, 36 with local purulent infection (LPI) of different etiology, and 6 children were conventionally normal serving as control. Early activation of the alternative pathway of the complement system was shown by the patients as compared with control. The development of neonatal sepsis was attended by the increased role played by the classical pathway of complement activation. At the same time the course of LPI was characterized by differences in the degree of participation of the classical and alternative pathways in the antiinfectious defence of the neonates. It has been established that high activation of the alternative pathway seen in the premature children may be considered as a prognostic sign enabling one to classify them with the risk group in terms of the possibility of the development in them of an infectious process.

[Hemosorption in status epilepticus and serial epileptic seizures]. / Gemosorbtsiia pri épilepticheskom statuse i seriinykh épilepticheskikh pripadkakh.

Hemosorption was performed in 8 patients with a resistant status epilepticus and serial epileptic attacks; arrest of the attacks correlated with significantly faster and stabler normalization of the circulating levels of immune complexes and of the phagocytic activity of neutrophils as compared to the same parameters in patients receiving a course of conventional anticonvulsive and dehydration therapy without hemosorption. The data obtained point to the advisability of the inclusion of hemosorption into a multiple modality treatment of patients with a persistent grand mal status and serial epileptic attacks. High circulating levels of immune complexes in the blood serum may be considered as indication for hemosorption.

[Concentration of circulating immune complexes in the blood in clinical and experimental epileptic seizures]. / Soderzhanie tsirkuliruiushchikh immunnykh kompleksov v krovi pri épilepticheskikh pripadkakh v klinike i éksperimente.

The levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the peripheral blood were studied in 31 epileptic patients and 30 rabbits which served as an experimental model of the development of the epileptic process. CIC levels in the blood serum were measured by means of polyethylene glycol precipitation followed by measurement of optic density by a spectrophotometer. Elevated concentrations of CIC in the patients' blood were observed in the period of the epileptic status and during a series of epileptic attacks, as well as in experimental animal during epileptic attacks and in the period preceding their development. Blood analysis made at different periods after controlling the attacks showed gradual normalization of the levels of CIC. The role of CIC in the development and maintenance of epileptic seizures is discussed.