ABSTRACT
We report the experimental observation of temporal vector soliton propagation and collision in a linearly birefringent optical fiber. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is both the first demonstration of temporal vector solitons with two mutually incoherent component fields, and of vector soliton collisions in a Kerr nonlinear medium. Collisions are characterized by an intensity redistribution between the two components, and the experimental results agree with numerical predictions of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
ABSTRACT
We demonstrate, numerically, the existence and stability of multicomponent gap solitons in a Kerr nonlinear medium with a superposed grating based on a derived system of coupled-mode equations. Applications to all-optical logic and signal processing are discussed.
ABSTRACT
Spite in Hamilton's sense is defined as the willingness to harm oneself in order to harm another more. The standard replicator dynamic predicts that evolutionarily stable strategies are payoff-maximizing equilibria of the underlying game, and hence rules out the evolution of spiteful behavior. We propose a modified replicator dynamic, where selection is based on local outcomes, rather than on the population 'state', as in standard models. We show that under this new model spite can evolve readily. The new dynamic suggests conditions under which spite in animals might be found.
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Models, Biological , Aggression , Animals , Behavior, Animal , Game Theory , Humans , Population Dynamics , Raptors , Social BehaviorABSTRACT
We show that pairwise soliton collisions in N>2 intensity-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations can be reduced to pairwise soliton collisions in two coupled equations. The reduction applies to a wide class of systems, including the N-component Manakov system. This greatly simplifies the analysis of such systems and has important implications for the application of soliton collisions to all-optical computing.
