Laryngeal perforation during a standard intubation procedure in a pig.

Pigs are frequently anaesthetized in animal research settings. Due to the unique laryngeal anatomy, endotracheal intubation is demanding in pigs. Several complications associated with endotracheal intubation have been reported in pigs, but laryngeal perforation following difficult intubation has not been documented so far. The present case report describes laryngeal perforation in a three-month-old pig following difficult intubation.

[Perioperative use of fluidwarmers reduces hypothermia in cats]. / Der Einsatz von Infusionswärmepumpen vermindert perioperative Hypothermie bei Katzen.

OBJECTIVE: Perioperative hypothermia is a common problem that must not be underestimated. There are plenty of methods to prevent or reduce heat loss during anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of warmed intravenous (IV) infusions to the perioperative decrease of body temperature of anaesthetized cats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this randomly designed study 30 cats undergoing surgical procedures were anaesthetized with a standardized anaesthesia protocol. Fifteen cats received IV infusions with room temperature; the IV infusion of the other 15 cats was constantly warmed to 38-39°C using a fluid warming device. The development of body temperature within the first 60 minutes of anaesthesia of both groups was compared and analysed. Additionally the influence of the room temperature on the body temperature and the influence of body temperature at the end of anaesthesia on the recovery period were evaluated. RESULTS: After 60 minutes of anaesthesia cats receiving warmed IV infusions had a significant higher body temperature than cats receiving IV infusions with room temperature. Room temperatures lower than 26°C had a significant influence on the development of perioperative hypothermia. The evaluation of the recovery period showed a significant correlation between low body temperature at the end of anaesthesia and prolonged time until extubation on the one hand and postoperative shivering on the other hand. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The present study shows that warmed IV infusions have a significant influence on the reduction of perioperative heat loss in cats. Nevertheless other additional methods to prevent heat loss are necessary to keep the patient in a normothermic range. Room temperatures play an essential role in decreasing hypothermia and should be at least 26°C. Low body temperature at the end of anaesthesia prolongs the recovery periode and enhances postoperative shivering.

Technology for sex selection: current status and utilization.

Research focusing on potential users of technology for sex selection and their preference for firstborn sons is reviewed in light of technological advances. Further study of personality characteristics of users is proposed as well as identification of interpersonal dynamics occurring within a couple having divergent preferences for sex of offspring.

Sex selection technology utilization: further implications for sex ratio imbalance.

A survey of 242 undergraduates assessed attitudes toward use of sex selection technology and the choice of sex of first- and second-born offspring among potential users. Of our sample, 31 per cent endorsed use of sex selection technology, with the small subsample of nonwhites more accepting of utilization than were whites. There was a significant preference for first-born sons among all potential users, but nonwhites indicated a stronger preference than did whites. Students from rural areas were more desirous of boys than were urban residents. The desire for gender balance within the family documented in earlier studies did not manifest itself. Choice of gender of second child was independent of preference for first-born, with 54 per cent of the potential users desiring sons as both first and second children.

Preference for sex of child among primiparous women.

Primiparous American women (N = 140) were questioned during their third trimester concerning their choice of sex of offspring and their willingness to use sex preselection techniques (if available). Eighty-two women expressed no preference for sex of offspring; of the remaining 58, 33 chose girls and 25 chose boys. Of the 26 women who indicated they would have used preselection technology, 13 chose boys and 13 chose girls. Fifty-three percent of the sample indicated they would not have used preselection techniques; 29% were undecided. These results were at variance with earlier studies that indicated a consistent choice of male firstborns, especially in nonpregnant samples. The discrepancy is discussed in terms of a move from boy preference to no preference and a gradual weakening of societal bias against women.

Surveyor v.

Surveyor V has provided the first direct chemical analysis of the lunar surface. In addition, the amount of ferromagnetic material was measured. More than 18,000 television pictures were taken, and a variety of scientific data were obtained.

Surveyor I: location and indentification.

Surveyor I landed on the lunar surface on 2 June 1966 and obtained more than 11,000 pictures of the environment with its television camera. The same region was photographed by the 24-inch (61-centimeter) camera of Orbiter III on 22 February 1967. Surveyor I has been located in these Orbiter photographs; its image was found and all search and identification criteria were satisfied by the site.