[DNA fingerprinting of individual species and intergeneric and interspecific hybrids of genera Bos and Bison, subfamily Bovinae]. / DNK-fingerprinting predstavitelei otdel'nykh vidov, mezhrodovykh i mezhvidovykh gibridov rodov Bos i Bison podsemeistva Bovinae.

Genome fingerprinting with a hypervariable minisatellite sequence of phage M13 DNA was used to study the genetic variation in individual species of the genera Bos and Bison (subfamily Bovinae) and in their interspecific and intergeneric hybrids. DNA fingerprints were obtained for domestic cow Bos taurus primigenius, vatussy Bos taurus macroceros, banteng Bos javanicus, gaur Bos gaurus, wisent Bison bonasus, bison Bison bison, and for the interspecific and intergeneric hybrids. Compared with the original species, most hybrids showed a greater variation in number and size of hybridization fragments. An association was revealed between the number of hybridization fragments and blood composition of interspecific hybrids resulting from unique crossing of domestic cow and banteng. Pairwise similarity coefficients were calculated to construct a dendrogram of genetic similarity, which reflected the relationships between the parental species and hybrids varying in blood composition. The applicability of the method for identifying interspecific and intergeneric hybrids and for studying the consequences of distant hybridization in the subfamily Bovinae is discussed.

[DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity of the European bison (Bison bonasus), American bison (Bison bison), and gray Ukrainian cattle (Bos taurus)]. / DNA-fingerprinting i geneticheskoe raznoobrazie evropeiskogo zubra (Bison bonasus), amerikanskogo bizona (Bison bison) i serogo ukrainskogo skota (Bos taurus).

To describe genetic variability and population diversity in domesticated populations of American bison (Bison bison), aurochs (Bison bonasus), and gray Ukrainian cattle (Bos taurus) different variants of DNA fingerprinting technique (utilizing the M13 phage DNA, (TTAGGG)4 synthetic oligonucleotide, and three arbitrary primers as hybridization probes) were used. Several parameters characterizing polymorphism and genetic diversity levels in each population (species) were evaluated on the basis of the profiles obtained. Dendrograms reflecting similarities between individual animals were constructed. Genetic variability of minisatellite and telomeric markers observed in the gray Ukrainian cattle flock was higher than that in aurochs and bisons. Comparison of the intrapopulation similarity (S) and gene diversity (H) indices along with the analysis of clusters in the dendrograms showed that the relatedness between the aurochs individuals was much higher than between the individual animals in the bison and gray Ukrainian cattle flocks. Furthermore, the gray Ukrainian cattle flock was represented by more distant relatives than the bison flock. It is suggested that reduced genetic variability and the appearance of deviant genotype observed in the two bison lines under selection, resulted from close inbreeding and the founder effect. The diagnostic value and efficacy of utilization of different molecular markers for estimation of genetic diversity and relatedness in domesticated animal populations is discussed.

[The morphogenetic characteristics of the gametes and the physiological features of animal reproduction in relation to their hydridization]. / Morfogeneticheskaia kharakteristika gamet i fiziologicheskoe osobennosti razmnozheniia zhivotnykh v sviazi s ikh gibridizatsiei.

Data of analysis of morphogenetic character of spermii in 100 species of mammals and some hybrid forms, anatomical and physiological peculiarities of reproduction of animals of various taxonomic groups, reproduction and biological suitability of generative elements of distant hybrids reflect their biological interrelation in the zoological series. It is conditioned by genetical, physiological and biochemical factors and reveals itself in different effectiveness of hybridisation processes which are determined by genealogical proximity of initial species.

[DNA-fingerprinting of representatives of Bovinae subfamilies using the telomere markers (TTAGGG)4]. / DNK-fingerprinting predstavitelei podsemeistva bykovykh (Bovinae) s ispol'zovaniem telomernogo markera (TTAGGG)4.

The (TTAGGG)4 oligonucleotide homologous to telomeric tandem repeats of human chromosomes was used for the first time as a multilocus hybridization probe for the analysis of genome variability in the two genera (Bos and Bison) of the Bovinae subfamily. DNA profiles for cattle, banteng, aurochs, and bison were obtained. Hybridization spectra were represented by the discrete individual- and species-specific bands characterized by codominant inheritance. For comparison, DNA profiles of the same samples obtained using the bacteriophage M13 DNA probe are presented. The usefulness of the microsatellite examined for the testing of pedigrees, description of intra- and interbreed variability as well as for determining relationships and the origins of the species of the Bovinae subfamily is discussed.

[The characteristics of the reproductive capacity of hybrids of the bison (Bison bison L.) with the domestic cow (Bos (Bos) primigenius taurus). The reproductive capacity of hybrid females]. / Kharakteristika vosproizvoditel'noi sposobnosti gibridov bizona (Bison bison L.) s domashnei korovoi [Bos (Bos) primigenius taurus]. Vosproizvoditel'naia sposobnost' gibridnykh samok.

Reproduction ability of hybrid females received in various variants of absorbent and variable crossing of bison and domestic cow has been studied. Normal development of genitals, oogenesis, display of sexual activity, as well as fertilization have been found in all females, independently of their blood content. Frequent cases of "relative" sterility in some females of the I-III generations have immunological character and are predominantly caused by the mortality of embryos and fetuses at various stages of pregnancy. Their number decreases gradually as blood portion of one of the initial species increases in each successive generation.

[Variability of satellite DNA II and IV in cattle, various representatives of the subfamily Bovinae and their hybrids]. / Izmenchivost' satellitnoi DNK II i IV u krupnogo rogatogo skota, nekotorykh predstavitelei podsemeistva Bovinae i ikh gibridov.

Polymorphism of satellite DNA II and IV was studied in Bos taurus by means of Southern blotting and dot hybridization. Of primary interest is the absence of restriction fragment length polymorphism at the individual and interbreed levels. Differences in the content of satellite II in the genome are demonstrated for animals of the Kholmogorskaya and Yakutian breeds. The specific features of satellite IV organization in the bison, banteng and yak are revealed, allowing the use of the satellite as a specific genetic marker. Superposition of parental organizational types of this class of repeats is detected for the interspecies hybrids yak x cattle, banteng x cattle, and bison x cattle. At the same time, several cases of deviation from classic inheritance of such parental types in the interspecies hybrids were found.

[The characteristics of the reproductive capacity of hybrids of the bison (Bison bison L.) with the domestic cow (Bos (Bos) primigenius taurus). 1. The reproductive capacity of hybrid males]. / Kharakteristika vosproizvoditel'noi sposobnosti gibridov bizona (Bison bison L.) s domashnei korovoi (Bos (Bos) primigenius taurus). 1. Vosproizvoditel'naia sposobnost' gibridnykh samtsov.

The hybrid progeny F1 produced by intergeneric crosses of a bison with a domestic cow is characterized by absolute sterility of the male line and fertility of the female line. Crossing of females with fertile males of initial forms permits us to obtain fertile males in the following generations. Any differences in stabilization of spermatogenesis in hybrid males obtained from various crosses and under selection of parental couples were not detected.

[Remote hybridization in individual representatives of the duck family (Anatidae)]. / Otdalennaia gibridizatsiia otdel'nykh predstavitelei semeistva utinykh (Anatidae).

The successful hybridization of remote representatives of Anatidae family lies within intra- and interspecific combinations. The hybrid progeny obtained in such crosses is fertile and can be used in the future breeding work. The more remote crosses are accompanied by various indices of fecundation of eggs, growth of hybrid embryos, hatching of little ones and fertility of hybrid progeny. The stage of their occurrences is determined by propinquity of initial species.

[The characteristics of the reproductive capacity of hybrids of banteng (Bos (Bibos) javanicus d'Alton) with the domestic cow (Bos (Bos) primigenius taurus)]. / Kharakteristika vosproizvoditel'noi sposobnosti gibridov bantenga (Bos (Bibos) javanicus d'Alton) s domashnei korovoi (Bos (Bos) primigenius taurus).

The hybrid progeny of F1 produced by crossing of banteng and domestic cow is characterized by absolute sterility of the male line and fertility of the female line. The crossbred males become fertile in further progenies while crossing cross-females with males of initial forms. Successful use of inter-subgenetic hybrids of banteng and domestic cow in selection work is hindered by pathological deviations in their genitals structure as well as frequent deaths of the embryos and foetus in hybrid cows at the different stages of embryogenesis. It is suggested that those deviations (both in cow and in bulls) are caused mainly by genetic and immunological factors and are determined to a greater extent by combination of parental couples.

[Expression of genes controlling modification of amylase in hybrids and original representatives of a cattle subfamily (Bovinae)]. / Proiavlenie genov, kontroliruiushchikh modifikatsiiu amilaz u gibridov i iskhodnykh vidov otdel'nykh predstaveitelei podsemeistva bykovykh (Bovinae).

Modifications of similar type were noted in the number of multiple AMY-1 forms of amylase isozyme for various species of Artiodactyla. It is supposed that these modifications are linked to periodical activation during evolution of genes responsible for modification of the molecules. Data obtained on Bovinae hybrids testify to this point of view. Inactivation of active and reinactivation of "silent" genes responsible for modification of AMY-1 molecules are observed in hybrids of bison x cow and bison x aurochs combinations.

[The genetic variability in the amylase isoenzymes of hybrid muscovy (Cairina moshata) and domestic (Anas platyrhynchos) ducks compared to the initial species]. / Geneticheskaia izmenchivost' izofermentov amilaz gibridov muskusnoi (Cairina moshata) i domashnei utki (ANas platyrhynchos) v sravnenii s iskhodnymi vidami.

Genetically conditioned polymorphism of alpha-amylases in musk ducks, domestic ones and their hybrids has been described. Two isoenzymes (AMY-1, AMY-2) are in blood serum of the ducks. One of them is apparently formed in crope gland and other--in pancreas. AMY-2 is monomorphic in both species. AMY-2 is polymorphic with three alleles (Amy-1A, Amy-1B, Amy-1B) in musk ducks and monomorphic in domestic ducks (Amy-1C). The hybrids have also allele obtained by them from domestic ducks.

[Features of hybridization of domestic hen and guinea fowl and structuro-functional organization of hybrid chromosomes in comparison with original species]. / Osobennosti skreshchivaniia domashnei kuritsy s tsesarkoi i strukturno-funktsional'naia organizatsiia khromosom gibridov v sravnenii s iskhodnymi vidami.

Hybridization of the domestic hen and the guinea fowl is accompanied by low fertility of eggs, high embryonic mortality of hybrid embryos and feti at various development stages and absolute sterility of the hybrid progeny. Cytological analysis of the hybrids obtained reveals heteromorphity of the 6th pair of their chromosomes although the character of the DNA synthesis in this pair is unchanged and is inherited from the initial species. A program of the DNA synthesis in the sexual chromosomes of hybrids differs from that in parents and seems to be one of the main causes of their sterility.

[Problem of the infertility of hybrids of the muscovy (Cairina moschata L.) and the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica)]. / O probleme besplodiia gibridov muskusnoi (Cairina moschata L.) i domashnei utki (Anas platyrhynchos domestica).

Analysis of blood serum proteins electrophoretic spectra for perching and domestic ducks resulted in revealing interspecific differences of prealbumin and transferrin types showing incomplete identity of loci in analogous sites of some homologous chromosomes in the hybridizants. This confirms the genetic nature of sterility in this crossing combination hybrids whose blood serum proteins electrophoretic spectrum displays a complex hybrid phenotype.

[Species characteristics of sperm morphology in representatives of the Carnivora order in relation to their hybridization]. / Vidovye osobennosti morfologii spermiev otdel'nykh predstavitelei otriada khishchnykh (Carnivora) v sviazi s ikh gibridizatsiei

Spermium morphology was studied in 7 species of Carnivora representatives. Their clear distinctions reflecting genetic relations between certain species of animals in the zoological series are established. Genetical determination of the spermium morphology is confirmed by the data of the hybridization analysis.