[Comparative analysis of factors influencing suicidal actions performance before and during the COVID-19 pandemic]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz faktorov, vliyayushchikh na sovershenie suitsidal'nykh deistvii v period do i vo vremya pandemii COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of COVID-19, as well as various factors on the rate of deaths caused by suicide. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The statistical analysis of mortality according to the data of «Bureau of FME¼ in the period from 2019 to 2020 yrs. and the search of scientific publications over the past 10 years in PubMed database have been conducted. Articles describing the factors influencing suicidal deaths in different population groups were selected from the publications. RESULTS: Statistically significant features that determine the influence of quarantine measures in the period COVID-19 on the mental component of citizens and suicidal dynamics were considered and established.

[Features of the production of situational examinations in forensic organizations of the first level]. / Osobennosti proizvodstva situatsionnykh ekspertiz v sudebno-ekspertnykh organizatsiyakh pervogo urovnya.

The purpose of the work is to study the current state of the performance of situational examinations in district and interdistrict departments of forensic medical examination (FME of the 1st level) with the formation of a unified methodological basis and the introduction of the developed integrated methodology for conducting forensic medical situational examinations in practice work of FME of the 1st level. In this study, the assessment of the current state of performance of situational examinations in FME of the 1st level was carried out on the example of the Tula Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination. At the initial stage, the actual (both absolute and relative) volumes of the performance of situational examinations in the FME of the 1st level were established, with the identification of features of their annual dynamics. The necessity of analyzing certain methodological and epidemiological aspects of the performance of situational examinations is determined.

Forensic diagnostics of the range of rifled firearm calculated by back spatter over clothing.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have been conducted by using sophisticated methodologies for the deduction of range in cases of firearm injuries. However, the stark dearth of literature for similar purpose by just simple analysis of blood traces on items of clothing is astonishing. PURPOSE: This study was done to determine the relationship between range of a rifled firearm and blood traces on the clothing of victims in firearm injuries. METHODOLOGY: Simulation experiments were performed by firing test shots in closed shooting range by using a Glock 17 pistol (9 mm luger) into pieces of clothing soaked with sheep blood. A total of 132 shots were fired. The morphologies and amount of blood spatter formed over a range varying from 5 cm to 100 cm (shooting angle-90°) were studied. RESULTS: An inverse relationship was found to exist between morphology of blood traces produced on the target and the distance of the shot fired. The misting and micro-blood spatters were recorded at a range of 5-60 cm. The distance from which shots were fired carried significant impact on the appearance and density of the spray and the blood spatter. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide a scientifically determined, statistically valid and simple equation formula in the most cost effective and easy manner for the deduction of range by mere examination of clothing in cases of firearm injuries. The requirements of the sacrifice of animals, and/or extrapolation of the results to humans by conducting experiments using hypothetical targets were also obviated in this study.

The influence of intense ultrasound applied during pressing on the optical and cathodoluminescent properties of conventionally sintered YSZ ceramics.

The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of the ultrasonic treatment on the optical and cathodoluminescent properties of translucent ZrO2-8 mol.% Y2O3 (YSZ) ceramics obtained by conventional sintering of the pressed compacts. Treatment by intense ultrasound during dry pressing of the YSZ nanopowder leads to an increase in the relative density, a decrease in the pore size and an increase in the grain size of the sintered ceramics. It was shown that when the ultrasonic treatment is applied, the optical absorption cutoff wavelength of the sintered material is shifted to longer wavelengths, while the optical density of the material increases over the whole measurement spectrum. Samples subjected to ultrasonic treatment during pressing show higher intensity of luminescence than those obtained without the use of ultrasound, the shape of the luminescence spectra remaining unchanged. A correlation was obtained between the integral intensity of cathodoluminescence and the vacancy concentration in the sintered YSZ.

[Effect of chemical chaperones on properties of lysozyme and the reaction center protein from Rhodobacter sphaeroides].

The influence of three chemical chaperones: glycerol, 4-hexylresorcinol, and 5-methylresorcinol on the structure, equilibrium fluctuations, and the functional activity of the hydrophilic enzyme lysozyme and the transmembrane reaction center (RC) protein from Rb. sphaeroides in a broad range of concentrations has been studied. Selected chemical chaperones are strongly different by the structure and action on hydrophilic and membrane proteins. The influence of the chemical chaperones (except methylresorcinol) on the structure, dynamics, and functional properties of lysozyme and RC protein are well described within the frames of extended models of preferential hydration and preferential interaction of protein with a chemical chaperone. A molecule of hexylresorcinol consists of a hydrophobic (alkyl radical) and a hydrophilic (aromatic nuclus) moieties. This fact provides additional regulation of functional activity of lysozyme and RC by hexylresorcinol. The influence of methylresorcinol on proteins differs from that of glycerol and hexylresorcinol. Methylresorcinol interacts with the surface of lysozyme directly, not via water hydrogen bonds. This leads to a decrease in denaturation temperature T(d), and an increase in the amplitude of equilibrium fluctuation, which allows him to be a powerful activator. Methylresorcinol interacts with the membrane RC protein only by the condensation of hydration water, which is negligible in the case of methylresorcinol. Therefore, methylresorcinol does not effect the functional properties of the RC protein. It was concluded that various chaperones at one and the same concentration and chaperones at different concentrations form diverse 3D structures of proteins, which differ by dynamic and functional characteristics.

[Paleopathology of Ichthyopterygia]. / O paleopatologii Ikhtiopterigii.

During microscopic histological studies of ichthyosaur bones the authors found that the bones of young ichthyosauri are well preserved without signs of inflammation. In the bones of old animals reproductive reactions were present. Thus, the severity of pathological alterations most likely depends on the age of the animals.

[Contemporary health care for working population ]. / Okhrana zdorov'ia rabotaiushchego naseleniia v sovremennykh usloviiakh.

The article presents results and promising priority lines of activity in health care for workers in Russia facing new economic situation.

[Epidemiological features of the pathomorphism of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis in the Perm Region]. / Epidemiologicheskie osobennosti patomorfoza infil'trativnogo tuberkuleza legkikh v Permskoi oblasti.

The time course of changes in current epidemiological indices and epidemically significant features of the pathomorphism of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis in those living in the Perm Region are mainly characterized by negative trends. They lie in the increase or stable maintenance of high rates of morbidity, mortality, and destructive pattern of a lesion accompanied by bacterial isolation. The reason for the established situation is incomplete realization of potentialities of improving actions to detect the disease early, to optimize diagnosis and medical therapy, and to considerably expand an phthisiosurgical aid.

[Age-dependent thymus involution in experimental iodine deficiency]. / Vozrastnaia involiutsiia timusa v usloviiakh ékperimental'noi iodnoi nedostatochnosti.

The experiment on white Wistar rats provided morphometric and morphofunctional evidence on correlations between the thyroid and thymus in health and thyroid transformation in iodine deficiency. In chronic iodine deficiency the rate and volume of thymic physiological involution increase. Total shrinkage of the parenchyma of cortical and core substances of thymic lobules from juvenile animals reaches 25% in the experimental group vs 11% in the reference group. The absolute mass of the organ was stable due to increased volume of connective tissue of the interlobular septa and intralobular perivascular spaces. Iodine-dependent thyroid transformation brings about profound changes in correlations between tissue components and cellular subpopulations of the thymic lobule indicating disturbed mechanisms of immunological regulation in iodine deficiency.

[Pathomorphological alterations in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system in bronchial asthma patients died in status asthmaticus]. / Patomorfologicheskie izmeneniia gipotalamo-gipofizarno-nadpochechnikovoi sistemy u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi, pogibshikh v astmaticheskom statuse.

Morphologic changes in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, in hypophyseal frontal lobe and adrenal cortex are adaptive and reactive changes. In status asthmaticus, there is a high hormonal activity manifesting morphologically with hypertrophic neurosecretory granules.

[Pathomorphosis of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis: clinical aspects]. / Klinicheskie aspekty patomorfoza infil'trativnogo tuberkuleza legkikh.

Based on the data available in the literature and their own findings, the authors have established that the pathomorphism of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis in the preantibiotic age was characterized by negative features, then underwent phases of positive changes and relative stabilization, thereafter it again acquired obviously marked negative peculiarities. At present, the clinical features of new cases of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis in Perm residents are the predominance of acute onset (67.3%), disseminated (55.8%) and destructive (91.6%) pattern of specific lesion accompanied by bacterial isolation (84.6%).

Aberration properties and performance of a new diffractive-gradient-index high-resolution objective.

We present what we believe is a new hybrid objective consisting of a gradient-index optical element that has external flat refracting surfaces and is made of two different inhomogeneous materials separated by a cemented spherical surface. Microstructures of diffractive lenses are placed on the flat external surfaces of the objective. The most surprising property of this objective is that even calculation in the area of the third- and the fifth-order aberrations yields an efficient design for imaging with a Rayleigh resolution of 1 microm.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of cellular and tissue components of the thyroid gland during its pathology]. / Morfofunktsional'naia kharakteristika kletochnykh i tkanevykh komponentov shchitovidnoi zhelezy pri ee patologii.

Surgical material of thyroid with goitre from 79 females aged 25-55 years was investigated. Basing on histological, histochemical and histostereometric evidence as well as correlation analysis it was established that each morphological variant of the thyroid pathology has its own specific pattern of unbalance of the cellular and tissue components.

[Immediate outcomes of medical therapy in patients with caseous pneumonia]. / Neposredstvennye rezul'taty konservativnoi terapii bol'nykh kazeoznoi pnevmoniei.

The immediate outcomes of treatment were studied in 119 patients with caseous pneumonia whose age was 20 to 64 years. In most cases, caseous pneumonia was found to preserve its classic traits by characterizing by acute onset (85.8%), prompt progression, high proportion of fatal outcomes in the early postoperative period (54.1% within 3 early postoperative months). There is an increase in cases of more "benign" course of this form of tuberculosis (subacute onset and prolonged slow progression) at the same time. The use of current methods for combined intensive antibiotic and pathogenetic therapies substantially improves the outcomes in this most severe group of patients, reduces the initiation of a phase of relative stabilization of a specific process and of cessation of bacterial isolation.

[Clinical testing of hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions]. / Klinicheskaia aprobatsiia gigienicheskikh kriteriev otsenki uslovii truda.

Occupational morbidity in railway transport is discussed. The rates of occupational morbidity are compared with that due to temporary working incapacity. There were no direct correlations between the incidence of major nosological entities of occupational diseases, the magnitude and rate of influence of industrial factors, which provides evidence for their further testing and correction.

[Outcomes of surgical interventions in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Rezul'taty khirurgicheskikh vmeshatel'stv u bol'nykh infil'trativnym tuberkulezom legkikh.

Thirty eight patients underwent surgery. The most significant causes of ineffective therapeutical measures in patients were their treatment incompetences (100%), multidrug resistance of Mycobacteria tuberculosis (47.3%), lung tissue destruction (68.4%), concomitant alcoholism (47.3%), relapses of specific lung damage (23.7%). If medical treatment is ineffective in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis for 6 months, it is expedient to make a surgical intervention that promotes recovery (96%) and restore working capacity (84%) in them.

[Risk assessment for the development of occupational diseases among railroad workers]. / Otsenka riska razvitiia professional'nykh zabolevanii zheleznodorozhnikov.

An attempt was made to asses the actual risk of occupational diseases among various railway specialists having harmful and adverse working conditions. The risk was found to be high, suggesting that there are harmful and extremely harmful working conditions and high undetection of patients with occupational diseases.

Design of a cemented, radial gradient-index triplet.

We show the possibility of simultaneously eliminating all third-and fifth-order monochromatic aberrations by using an objectiveconsisting of three cemented lenses with radial distribution ofrefractive indices. We present design procedures for removal ofthese aberrations and reduction of residual higher-orderaberrations.

[Immediate and late outcomes of surgical treatment in patients with tumor-simulating pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Blizhaíshie i otdalennye rezul'taty khirurgicheskogo lecheniia bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh, simuliruiushchikh opukhol'.

The specific features and outcomes of surgical treatment were analyzed in 122 newly detected patients with pulmonary tuberculomas without prior specific therapy. Postoperative complications developed in 4.1% of the patients undergone surgery, recurrent tuberculosis was observed in 1.6%. Early surgical interventions in this group of patients were found to reduce the time of treatment and working rehabilitation. A value of intraoperative rapid cytological verification of diagnosis was shown while choosing the adequate volume of lung resection in difficult diagnostic cases.