ABSTRACT
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE) are common pregnancy complications with similar risk factors. Although GDM is associated with PE, the exact mechanism underlying the association is unclear. The objective of this work was to study the morphofunctional and molecular changes in the placenta and peripheral blood in PE and GDM. Local and systemic changes in the production of several placental proteins were assessed along with markers of inflammation and metabolic disorders. Expression of placental lactogen, trophoblastic ß1-glycoprotein, placental alpha-1-microglobulin, and proteinase 3 in villi was found to change in complicated pregnancy groups. Similarity of underlying pathogenic mechanisms was demonstrated for PE and GDM.
Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational , Pre-Eclampsia , Pregnancy , Female , Humans , Diabetes, Gestational/metabolism , Placenta/metabolism , Placenta/pathology , Pre-Eclampsia/metabolism , Pre-Eclampsia/pathologyABSTRACT
There is a worldwide trend towards an increase in the number of people aged over 60, which in turn leads to an increase in the prevalence of vascular dementia and neuropsychiatric disorders, including the accompanying aggressive behavior. The authors analyze the relationship of neuropsychiatric symptoms with aggressive behavior and assess the impact of the evolution of dementia, socio-demographic factors on the development of aggressive behavior in some subtypes of vascular dementia based on literature data retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, eLibrary databases as well as national guidelines. Analyzing the publication was made by the method of the system analysis and generalization. The analysis of the literature suggests that aggressive behavior in patients with vascular dementia changes their lifestyle and worsens its quality, in addition, it increases the burden on caregivers. Also, this psychopathological process is one of the reasons for frequent hospitalizations of patients in psychiatric hospitals and social institutions, which becomes an urgent economic and medical problem at the state level. Of all the psychopathological symptoms in the clinical picture of vascular dementia, aggressive behavior periodically occurs together with apathy, depression, anxiety, abnormal motor activity and hallucinations. The question of the highest frequency of occurrence of aggressive tendencies in one or another subtype of vascular dementia remains debatable. Research on the relationship between dementia severity, gender, and aggressive behavior has been mixed. The question of the influence of the level of education on the manifestation of aggression in patients with vascular dementia remains completely unexplored. Thus, the above facts dictate the need for further study of these issues.
Subject(s)
Dementia, Vascular , Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Dementia, Vascular/epidemiology , Patients , Aggression , Anxiety , Anxiety DisordersABSTRACT
We detected surface waves from two meteorite impacts on Mars. By measuring group velocity dispersion along the impact-lander path, we obtained a direct constraint on crustal structure away from the InSight lander. The crust north of the equatorial dichotomy had a shear wave velocity of approximately 3.2 kilometers per second in the 5- to 30-kilometer depth range, with little depth variation. This implies a higher crustal density than inferred beneath the lander, suggesting either compositional differences or reduced porosity in the volcanic areas traversed by the surface waves. The lower velocities and the crustal layering observed beneath the landing site down to a 10-kilometer depth are not a global feature. Structural variations revealed by surface waves hold implications for models of the formation and thickness of the martian crust.
ABSTRACT
We studied the expression of pluripotency factor Oct-4 and the intensity of apoptosis in the uterus during spontaneous and immune abortions in mice. Increased expression of factor Bax and reduced protein Bcl-2 synthesis in cells of the decidual membrane and decreased Oct-4 expression in the myometrium and perimetrium were detected. Thus, both spontaneous and immune-dependent abortions impair the apoptosis processes in the decidua and the formation of a pool of Oct-4+ cells in the uterus. In immune-dependent abortions, the intensity of apoptosis of decidual cells was lower than in spontaneous abortion. Low expression of the transcription factor Oct-4 in the myometrium and perimetrium characterizes pregnancy failure irrespective of its mechanisms.
Subject(s)
Abortion, Spontaneous , Octamer Transcription Factor-3 , Uterus , Abortion, Spontaneous/immunology , Animals , Apoptosis , Decidua/metabolism , Female , Humans , Mice , Octamer Transcription Factor-3/biosynthesis , Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics , Octamer Transcription Factor-3/immunology , Pregnancy , Uterus/immunologyABSTRACT
Most of the human genome is non-coding. However, some of the non-coding part is transcriptionally active. In humans, the tandemly repeated (TR) pericentromeric non-coding DNA-human satellites 2 and 3 (HS2, HS3)-are transcribed in somatic cells. These transcripts are also found in pre- and post-implantation embryos. The aim of this study was to analyze HS2/HS3 transcription and cellular localization of transcripts in human maturating oocytes. The maternal HS2/HS3 TR transcripts transcribed from both strands were accumulated in the ooplasm in GV-MI oocytes as shown by DNA-RNA FISH (fluorescence in-situ hybridization). The transcripts' content was higher in GV oocytes than in somatic cumulus cells according to real-time PCR. Using bioinformatics analysis, we demonstrated the presence of polyadenylated HS2 and HS3 RNAs in datasets of GV and MII oocyte transcriptomes. The transcripts shared a high degree of homology with HS2, HS3 transcripts previously observed in cancer cells. The HS2/HS3 transcripts were revealed by a combination of FISH and immunocytochemical staining within membraneless RNP structures that contained DEAD-box helicases DDX5 and DDX4. The RNP structures were closely associated with mitochondria, and are therefore similar to membraneless bodies described previously only in oogonia. These membraneless structures may be a site for spatial sequestration of RNAs and proteins in both maturating oocytes and cancer cells.
Subject(s)
DNA, Satellite/genetics , Mitochondria/chemistry , Mitochondria/metabolism , Oocytes/cytology , Oocytes/metabolism , Oogenesis , Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism , Cumulus Cells/metabolism , Female , Gene Expression Regulation , Humans , Locus Control Region , Ribonucleoproteins/chemistry , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
Spontaneous proliferative activity of splenocytes in female CBA mice and the response of these cells to antigens of allogeneic male BALB/c and DBA/2 mice in a mixed splenocyte culture were evaluated by 3H-thymidine incorporation in different pregnancy models. âCBA×âBALB/c mating was used for modeling physiological pregnancy. Spontaneous abortions were reproduced by abortion-prone âCBA×âDBA/2 mating. In order to simulate immunostimulant-induced and immunostimulant-potentiated abortions, 0.83 mg/kg muramyl dipeptide ß-heptylglycoside was intraperitoneally injected to CBA females mated with BALB/c or DBA/2 males, respectively, on gestation days 5 and 7. The increase in the rate of embryo resorption in the models of spontaneous, induced, and potentiated abortions occurred against the background of an increase in the level of spontaneous proliferation of splenocytes and a decrease in their reactivity to paternal antigens on gestation day 9.
Subject(s)
Abortion, Spontaneous/immunology , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Embryo Loss/immunology , Glycopeptides/pharmacology , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Spleen/drug effects , Abortion, Induced/methods , Abortion, Spontaneous/chemically induced , Abortion, Spontaneous/pathology , Animals , Coculture Techniques , Crosses, Genetic , Dendritic Cells/drug effects , Dendritic Cells/immunology , Dendritic Cells/pathology , Embryo Loss/chemically induced , Embryo Loss/pathology , Female , Gestational Age , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Lymphocytes/immunology , Lymphocytes/pathology , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/immunology , Macrophages/pathology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred CBA , Mice, Inbred DBA , Pregnancy , Primary Cell Culture , Spleen/immunology , Spleen/pathology , Thymidine/metabolism , TritiumABSTRACT
Statines are first choice medications for hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia of varying severity in wide population of patients. Atorvastatine is one of the most effective statines. In Russia, Atorvastatine is represented by nearly twenty drugs most of which are generics. The article covers data on efficiency, safety and good tolerance of Liptonorm--a generic Atorvastatine.
Subject(s)
Atorvastatin/pharmacology , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy , Drugs, Generic/pharmacology , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Aged , Atorvastatin/administration & dosage , Atorvastatin/adverse effects , Drugs, Generic/administration & dosage , Drugs, Generic/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Risk , RussiaABSTRACT
The article deals with usage of nondihydropiridine calcium antagonists--verapamil and dilthiasem--in treating patients with arterial hypertension, cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia, for secondary prevention of IHD. Data also concern cardio-, angio--and nephroprotective activity of the medications, their ability to prevent left ventricle hypertrophy, possible usage in patients after myocardial infarction. The authors also discuss problems of tolerance and safety of calcium antagonists with prolonged action vs. those with short-term action.
Subject(s)
Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy , Diltiazem/therapeutic use , Verapamil/therapeutic use , HumansABSTRACT
Community-acquired pneumonia is one of prevalent infectious respiratory diseases. Adequate treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, with consideration of the disease severity and microbial resistence, remains extremely topical. The article covers contemporary views of community-acquired pneumonia treatment standards. The authors described results of personal research aimed to study antibacterial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia on outpatient basis over 2004-2012, evaluated correspondence of the treatment to the national clinical recommendations.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
The article presents results of identification of indicators of cytokine status in 58 patients with glomerulonephritis using solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis. It is established that in patients with glomerulonephritis the level of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-lß, IL-2, IL-10 and Ra-IL-1ß) circulating in blood is augmented. The differences are established concerning cytokine status of patients depending on clinical type of disease. The level of production of IL-10, correlating with glomerular, tubular and erythropoietic functions of kidneys significantly effected formation of various clinical types of glomerulonephritis.
Subject(s)
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/blood , Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/blood , Kidney/metabolism , Lupus Nephritis/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/immunology , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/physiopathology , Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/immunology , Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/physiopathology , Humans , Interferon-gamma/blood , Interleukin-10/blood , Interleukin-1beta/blood , Interleukin-2/blood , Kidney/immunology , Kidney/physiopathology , Lupus Nephritis/immunology , Lupus Nephritis/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I/bloodABSTRACT
We studied the effect of ketanserin on hemopoietic progenitor cells (Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+)CD34- and Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+)CD34(+)), progenitor hemopoietic cells (Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-kit(+)), and multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (CD45(-)CD73(+)CD106(+)) in C57Bl/6 mice during pulmonary fibrosis. It was shown that the blocker of 5-HT2A receptors lowers the activity of bleomycin-induced inflammation in the lungs and prevents the infiltration of alveolar interstitium and alveolar ducts by hemopoietic stem and hemopoietic progenitor cells; in this case, they are more numerous in the bone marrow of sick animals. Ketanserin reduces the capacity for self-renewal of lung multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in the fibrotic phase of the disease and inhibits their differentiation into stromal cell lines (adipocytes, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts) simultaneously with the decrease in the percentage of connective tissue in the lung parenchyma.
Subject(s)
Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects , Ketanserin/pharmacology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects , Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology , Animals , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Bone Marrow/pathology , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology , Lung/pathology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Pulmonary FibrosisABSTRACT
The antifibrotic properties of spiperone and its effect on stem and progenitor cells were studied on the model of reversible bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in C57Bl/6 mice. Spiperone reduced infiltration of the alveolar interstitium and alveolar ducts with inflammatory cells and prevented the growth of the connective tissue in the parenchyma of bleomycin lungs. Apart from anti-inflammatory effect, spiperone suppressed bone marrow hemopoietic cells (CD3, CD45R (B220), Ly6C, Ly6G (Gr1), CD11b (Mac1), TER-119)-, Sca-1+, c-Kit+, CD34- and progenitor hemopoietic cells (granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-megakaryocytic and granulocyte CFU). Spiperone-induced disturbances of fi brogenesis were paralleled by restoration of endothelial cells in the lung parenchyma, reduction of the number of circulating bone marrow cells and lung mesenchymopoietic cells (mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (CD31-, CD34-, CD45-, CD44+, CD73+, CD90+, CD106+) and progenitor fi broblast cells), and suppression of multilineage differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (including fi broblast-lineage cells).
Subject(s)
Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects , Pulmonary Alveoli/drug effects , Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy , Spiperone/pharmacology , Animals , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Biomarkers/metabolism , Bleomycin , Bone Marrow Cells/cytology , Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects , Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism , Cell Lineage/drug effects , Endothelial Cells/cytology , Endothelial Cells/drug effects , Endothelial Cells/metabolism , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Fibroblasts/pathology , Gene Expression , Granulocytes/cytology , Granulocytes/drug effects , Granulocytes/metabolism , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism , Macrophages/cytology , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/metabolism , Megakaryocytes/cytology , Megakaryocytes/drug effects , Megakaryocytes/metabolism , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neutrophil Infiltration/drug effects , Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism , Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology , Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced , Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism , Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathologyABSTRACT
The effect of immobilized hyaluronidase on stem and progenitor cells of the lungs was studied on the model of partially reversible toxic bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in C57Bl/6 mice. During the inflammation phase, immobilized hyaluronidase reduced infiltration of alveolar interstitium with hemopoietic stem cells Sca-1(+), c-Kit(+), CD34(-), (CD3, CD45R (B220), Ly6C, Ly6G (Gr1), CD11b (Mac1), TER-119)(-). Improvement of histological parameters of bleomycin lungs during the phase of collagen fiber deposition after the treatment was accompanied by accumulation of mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (CD31(-), CD34(-), CD45(-), CD44(+), CD73(+), CD90(+), CD106(+)decrease in the population of pan-hemopoietic cells (CD45(+)), accelerated restoration of the content of endothelial cells, and inhibition of clonal activity of fibroblast precursors (CD45(-)).
Subject(s)
Enzymes, Immobilized/administration & dosage , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/administration & dosage , Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology , Stem Cells/metabolism , Animals , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Bone Marrow/immunology , Bone Marrow/pathology , Lung/pathology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy , Pulmonary Fibrosis/immunology , Stem Cells/drug effectsABSTRACT
The possibility of boosting antifibrotic activity of testicular hyaluronidase immobilized on polyethylene oxide with spiperone was studied on the bleomycin models of a single (partially reversible pneumofibrosis) and repeated (irreversible pneumofibrosis) injuries to the alveolar epithelium in C57Bl/6 mice. The antifibrotic effect was more pronounced after successive treatment with immobilized hyaluronidase and spiperone than after individual treatment with each of the compounds: no collagen deposition in the parenchyma of bleomycin-damaged lungs was found. The decrease in inflammatory cell (lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, plasma cells) infiltration of the alveoli and alveolar tracts interstitium in mice treated by immobilized hyaluronidase and spiperone did not differ from the anti-inflammatory effect of spiperone monotherapy.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/pharmacology , Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy , Spiperone/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Bleomycin , Collagen/metabolism , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Drug Therapy, Combination , Enzymes, Immobilized/pharmacology , Enzymes, Immobilized/therapeutic use , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/therapeutic use , Lung/drug effects , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced , Pulmonary Fibrosis/prevention & control , Spiperone/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Antifibrotic activity of testicular hyaluronidase, immobilized on polyethylenoxide and obtained by electron beam synthesis, was studied on the model of bleomycin injuries to the alveolar epithelium (irreversible pneumofibrosis) in C57Bl/6 mice and compared to the effect of testicular hyaluronidase. Intranasal therapy with immobilized and testicular hyaluronidases prevented the deposition of fibrotic mass in the parenchyma of "bleomycin" lungs. The effect of immobilized hyaluronidase was more pronounced than that of testicular hyaluronidase. The studied compounds were virtually inessential for infiltration of the alveolar interstitium and alveolar tracts by lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and plasma cells. Unchanged histoarchitectonics of bleomycin-damaged lungs in immobilized hyaluronidase therapy was due to suppression of the progenitor fibroblast cells (CD45(-)).
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/administration & dosage , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Bleomycin , Drug Carriers/administration & dosage , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Enzymes, Immobilized/administration & dosage , Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/chemistry , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Polyethylenes/chemistry , Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology , Respiratory Mucosa/pathologyABSTRACT
The paper concerns the problem of implant-based oral rehabilitation in complex alveolar bone topography. The study included 56 patients with partial and full teeth loss and significant alveolar bone atrophy Resonance frequency rates were used to assess intraosseous dental implants stability showing its improvement after alveolar bone augmentation procedures.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Bone Loss/complications , Bone Transplantation/methods , Dental Implantation, Endosseous , Dental Implants , Osseointegration , Tooth Loss/surgery , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tooth Loss/complications , Young AdultABSTRACT
Using the model of lung fibrosis induced by intratracheal administration of bleomycin we studied anti-fibrotic activity of combined treatment with neuroleptic haloperidol and hyaluronidase immobilized on polyethylene oxide using electron-beam synthesis. It was shown that successive administration of immobilized hyaluronidase and the neuroleptic drug inhibits deposition of collagen fibers in the bleomycin-treated lungs. Combined treatment with the test compounds reduced swelling of the alveolar epithelium, exudation and infiltration of the alveolar interstitium and alveolar passages by inflammatory cells, and desquamation of alveolocytes into alveolar lumen, so that the alveolar-capillary membrane function was preserved.
Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Enzymes, Immobilized/therapeutic use , Haloperidol/therapeutic use , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy , Respiratory Mucosa/drug effects , Animals , Bleomycin , Capillaries/drug effects , Collagen/metabolism , Connective Tissue/drug effects , Drug Therapy, Combination , Haloperidol/pharmacology , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/pharmacology , Inflammation/drug therapy , Lung/drug effects , Lung/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Polyethylene Glycols , Pulmonary Alveoli/drug effects , Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology , Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced , Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism , Receptors, Serotonin/metabolismABSTRACT
We studied differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) of the lungs of C57Bl/6 mice with bleomycin-induced pneumofibrosis. Adherent mononuclear cells found in mouse lungs demonstrated mesenchymal phenotype and expressed CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD106, but not CD31, CD34, and CD45. The cells with MMSC characteristics differentiate in vitro into various cells of stromal lines (chondrocytes, osteogenic cells, adipocytes, and fibroblasts). Bleomycin increased the growth rate of MMSC and selectively promoted their differentiation towards fibroblast cells.
Subject(s)
Cell Differentiation/physiology , Fibrosis/pathology , Lung Diseases/pathology , Lung/cytology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology , Adipocytes/cytology , Animals , Chondrocytes/cytology , Fibroblasts/cytology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BLABSTRACT
Minimally invasive soft tissue augmentation is a challenging problem for dentists. Use of autogenous fibroblast of oral mucosa is a promising method. The paper represents the results of preclinical, clinical and laboratory studies on the use of autogenous oral mucosa fibroblasts (AOMF) for gum recession correction. The results confirm statistically significant gum thickness augmentation and gum recession decrease after three weekly AOMF injections. The effect lasted for at least 9 months.
Subject(s)
Fibroblasts/transplantation , Gingival Recession/therapy , Mouth Mucosa/transplantation , Adult , Cell Culture Techniques , Female , Fibroblasts/cytology , Humans , Male , Mouth Mucosa/cytology , Transplantation, Autologous , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Authors examined 143 patients with neurotic depression using ultrasonic Doppler method. Disorders of the cerebral venous hemodynamics associated with clinical symptoms of the disease were found. It is recommended to use ultrasonic Doppler method for the diagnosis and objectification of functional changes in the cerebral blood circulation and for increasing treatment efficacy.