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1.
Avian Dis ; 52(4): 567-71, 2008 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19166046

ABSTRACT

Young poultry are very susceptible to Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections because of the absence of complete intestinal flora colonization and an immature immune system. This study evaluated the role of passive immunity on the resistance of young birds against early infections caused by SE. The progeny of broiler breeders vaccinated with an oil-emulsion bacterin was compared to the progeny of unvaccinated birds. Efficacy was determined by challenging birds at 1 and 14 days of age with SE Nal Spc strain, phage type 4. After challenge at 1 day of age, the progeny of vaccinated birds presented a significantly lower number (log10) of SE Nal Spc reisolation (P < 0.05) in liver (2.21), spleen (2.31), and cecal contents (2.85) compared with control groups (2.76, 3.02, and 6.03, respectively). The examination of the internal organs, 3 days after infection, revealed that 28% of the birds (7/25) from vaccinated breeders were positive, whereas 100% (25/25) of the chicks derived from unvaccinated birds were positive. Birds challenged at 14 days of age presented a lower number of positive samples compared with those challenged at 1 day of age, and the progeny of vaccinated birds presented statistically lower numbers (log10) of colony-forming units/ml of SE Nal Spc only in the cecal contents compared with nonvaccinated breeder progeny (2.11 vs. 2.94). Age seems to influence the susceptibility of birds to SE infections: in control groups, the number of positive birds at 14 days of age (9/25) was lower when compared with the group infected at 1 day of age (25/25). The number of positive fecal samples of the progeny of vaccinated birds was significantly lower (36) than those of the control group (108) after challenge at 1 day of age. Unchallenged progeny of vaccinated birds presented passive antibodies detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) up to 21 days of age. On the other hand, antibodies of the control group were detected by ELISA 14 days after challenge. These results show a significant contribution of breeder vaccination by increasing the resistance of the progeny against early SE infections. However, the bacteria were not completely eliminated, suggesting that additional procedures are needed to effectively control SE infections.


Subject(s)
Chickens , Immunity, Maternally-Acquired , Poultry Diseases/immunology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/immunology , Salmonella Vaccines/immunology , Salmonella enteritidis/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Poultry Diseases/microbiology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology , Time Factors
2.
Homeopathy ; 95(2): 94-7, 2006 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16569625

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Salmonellosis is a common problem worldwide in commercially reared poultry. It is associated with human Salmonellosis. No fully satisfactory method of control is available. METHOD: Nosodes to an antibiotic-resistant strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in D30 (30X) potency were prepared. One day old chicks (N = 180) were divided into four groups: two control and two different preparations of the nosode. Treatments were administered in drinking water for 10 days. The birds were challenged by a broth culture of the same Salmonella, by mouth, on day 17. Cloacal swabs were taken twice weekly for Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. RESULTS: Birds receiving active treatment were less likely to grow the strain of Salmonella from cloacal swabs compared to control. CONCLUSION: Isopathy is low cost and non-toxic. It may have a role to play in the widespread problem of Salmonella in poultry. Further research should be conducted.


Subject(s)
Chickens , Homeopathy/methods , Materia Medica/therapeutic use , Poultry Diseases/drug therapy , Salmonella Infections, Animal/drug therapy , Salmonella enteritidis , Administration, Oral , Animals , Chi-Square Distribution , Poultry Diseases/microbiology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology , Treatment Outcome
3.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 73(3)2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1461806

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This work was carried out to assess the preenrichment (PE) and enrichment (DE) steps for isolating Salmonella serotypes Enteritidis (SE) and Typhimurium (STM) from chicken feces kept at 4° C for 24 and 96h. The samples were artificially contaminated and kept in 1% peptone water at 4° C for 24 or 96h. After that, part of them was incubated at 37° C/24h and part was inoculated into enrichment broth, selenite broth plus novobiocin (SN) and tetrathionate broth plus novobiocin (TN) incubated at 37°C/24h. The PE culture was inoculated in SN, TN and Rapapport-Vassiliadis novobiocin (RVN), also incubated at 37° C/24h. The enrichment broth was plated on brilliant green agar (BGA), MacConkey agar (MCA), Hektoen agar (HEA), Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA), xylose-lysine desoxicholate agar (XLDA) and xylose-lysine tergitol 4 (XLT4), which were incubated at 37° C/24h. Salmonella-like colonies were submitted to TSI agar and LIA agar, and incubated at 37° C/24h, as well as to slide agglutination tested with poly O and poly H Salmonella antiserum. When the samples were stored for 24h there was no difference between PE and DE (p > 0.05). However after 96h the PE was superior to DE (p 0.05). For enrichment, better results were seen with RVN broth (p 0.05). The XLD yielded


RESUMO Este trabalho foi desenvolvido para avaliar comparativamente o isolamento de Salmonella sorotipos Enteritidis (SE) e Typhimurium (STM) a partir do enriquecimento direto (ED) ou processamento com pré-enriquecimento (PE) de amostras de fezes de aves adultas, armazenadas em água peptonada tamponada a 1% (APT) por 24 ou 96h a 4º C. Utilizou-se os caldos de enriquecimento Rapapport-Vassiliadis novobiocina (RVN), tetrationato-novobiocina (TN) e selenitonovobiocina (SN) e os meios para plaqueamento ágar verde brilhante (VB), ágar de MacConkey (MC), ágar de Hektoen (HE), ágar Salmonella-Shigella (SS), ágar xilose lisina desoxicolato (XLD) e ágar xilose lisina tergitol 4 (XLT4). O procedimento bacteriológico incluiu as etapas de pré-enriquecimento, enriquecimento em caldo seletivo, plaqueamento, testes bioquímicos presuntivos e confirmação sorológica com utilização de soros polivalentes anti-antígenos somáticos e anti-antígenos flagelares de Salmonella. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p > 0,05) para as amostras armazenadas por 24h submetidas tanto ao PE quanto ao ED. Entretanto, em armazenagem por 96h o número de isolamentos nas amostras submetidas ao PE foi estatisticamente superior às submetidas ao ED (p 0,05). Quanto aos caldos enriquecedores, não houve diferença estatística de número de isolamentos (p > 0,05) entre os caldos SN e TN, mas o caldo RVN mostrou-se estatisticamente superior aos demais (p 0,05). Para os meios de plaqueamento, o XLD destacou-se por promover maior número de recuperações, embora sem significado estatístico (p > 0,05) para as amostras estocadas por 24h. Entre os dois sorotipos de Salmonella (SE e STM) não houve diferença estatística no número de recuperações (p > 0,05).

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