Subject(s)
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E/antagonists & inhibitors , Lymphoma/drug therapy , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E/metabolism , Humans , Lymphoma/metabolism , Lymphoma/virology , Remission Induction , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/drug therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/metabolism , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/drug effects , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
PlexinsA1-A4 participate in class 3 semaphorin signaling as co-receptors to neuropilin 1 and 2, PlexinA4 being the latest member of the PlexinA subfamily to be identified. Little is known about the cellular distribution of PlexinA4 in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Here, immunohistochemical studies using antibodies to PlexinA4 revealed immunolabeling in neurons in both dorsal and, to a greater extent, ventral horns of the spinal cord. Ventral horn PlexinA4 positive neurons exhibited morphology, size, and location consistent with both motor neurons and interneurons. Labeling was found in motor axons exiting through the ventral roots, and more widespread labeling was observed in ascending and descending white matter tracts. Within the DRG, immunostaining was observed in neuronal cell bodies as well as the central and peripheral processes of these cells. PlexinA4 is expressed in the peripheral nervous system where its expression is regulated upon nerve injury. This is the first detailed description of the cellular and subcellular distribution of PlexinA4 in the adult spinal cord and DRG, and it will set the basis for future studies on the potential role of PlexinA4 in regeneration and repair of the adult central and peripheral nervous system.
Subject(s)
Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism , Spinal Cord/metabolism , Animals , Anterior Horn Cells/metabolism , Axons/metabolism , Axons/ultrastructure , Blotting, Western , Female , Femoral Nerve/cytology , Femoral Nerve/metabolism , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Ganglia, Spinal/cytology , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Motor Neurons/metabolism , Motor Neurons/ultrastructure , Nerve Regeneration/physiology , Neuromuscular Junction/metabolism , Neuromuscular Junction/ultrastructure , Plasmids/genetics , Posterior Horn Cells/metabolism , Pregnancy , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spinal Cord/cytology , StilbamidinesABSTRACT
PlexinA4 is the latest member to be identified of the PlexinA subfamily, critical transducers of class 3 semaphorin signaling as co-receptors to neuropilins 1 and 2. Despite functional information regarding the role of PlexinA4 in development and guidance of specific neuronal pathways, little is known about its distribution in the adult central nervous system (CNS). Here we report an in depth immunohistochemical analysis of PlexinA4 expression in the adult rat CNS. PlexinA4 staining was present in neurons and fibers throughout the brain and spinal cord, including neocortex, hippocampus, lateral hypothalamus, red nucleus, facial nucleus, and the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus. PlexinA4 antibodies labeled fibers in the lateral septum, nucleus accumbens, several thalamic nuclei, substantia nigra pars reticulata, zona incerta, pontine reticular region, as well as in several cranial nerve nuclei. This constitutes the first detailed description of the topographic distribution of PlexinA4 in the adult CNS and will set the basis for future studies on the functional implications of PlexinA4 in adult brain physiology.
